Olt, onu, pon system, and message transmission method in pon system

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to message transmission methods in a PON system. One example method includes sending, by an optical line terminal (OLT), a first message to an unregistered optical network unit (ONU), where the first message includes at least one piece of indication message, and one piece of indication message of the at least one piece of indication message indicates a first power range and a first time range associated with the first power range, and receiving, by the OLT in the first time range, a registration message sent by the ONU, where a downstream receive power of the ONU falls within the first power range.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2018/109898, filed on Oct. 11, 2018, which claims priority toChinese Patent Application No. 201810078953.8, filed on Jan. 26, 2018.The disclosures of the aforementioned applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the field of mobile communicationstechnologies, and in particular, to an OLT, an ONU, a PON system, and anmessage transmission method in a PON system.

BACKGROUND

In a passive optical network (Passive Optical Network, PON) system, anoptical network unit (optical network unit. ONU) sends data to anoptical line terminal (optical line terminal, OLT) by sending a burstsignal. To effectively avoid a conflict that a plurality of ONUssimultaneously communicate with the OLT, the OLT needs to coordinatedata sending of the ONUs in a time slice grant manner, to ensure thatonly one ONU is allowed to send data in a particular time period.

When ONUs send registration signals to the OLT, because distances fromdifferent ONUs to the OLT are different, links between the differentONUs and the OLT usually attenuate differently. When the different ONUssend registration signals to a receiver of the OLT in close timeperiods, the registration signals from the different ONUs differ greatlyin signal strength when reaching the OLT. The receiver has differentspeeds of responding to registration signals whose signal strengths aredifferent, and a corresponding response time needs to be reserved foreach registration signal. Therefore, in the close time periods, when theregistration signals from the different ONUs differ greatly in signalstrength when reaching the OLT, an overall response time of the receiverfor the registration signals is relatively long. Consequently, a longtime is required for the receiver of the OLT to implement burst signalsynchronization, and a probability of burst signal misjudgment is proneto increase, resulting in an increase in a packet loss rate.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of this application provide an OLT, an ONU, a PON system,and an message transmission method in a PON system, to increase a burstsignal synchronization rate of an OLT receiver. To achieve the foregoingobjective, this application provides the following technical solutions:

According to a first aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides an message transmission method in aPON system, including: sending, by an optical line terminal OLT, firstmessage to an optical network unit ONU, where the first message includesat least one piece of indication message, and one piece of indicationmessage indicates a first power range and a first time range associatedwith the first power range; and receiving, by the OLT in the first timerange, a registration message sent by the ONU, where a downstreamreceive power of the ONU falls within the first power range.

The OLT sends one or more pairs of mutually associated time ranges andpower ranges to the unregistered ONU. Different time ranges correspondto different power ranges. Therefore, when the downstream receive powerof the unregistered ONU falls within one of the power ranges, the ONUregisters in a time range corresponding to the power range. Based ondifferent power ranges, ONUs whose downstream receive powers differ muchmay be classified into a plurality of ONU groups, and ONUs whosedownstream receive powers fall within a same power range belong to asame ONU group. Registration signals of ONUs in a same ONU group aresimilar or differ little in signal strength when reaching the OLT, sothat the OLT can quickly respond to the registration signals of the ONUsin the same ONU group, and an overall response time of the OLT forregistration signals of ONUs in different ONU groups can be shortened,thereby resolving the foregoing technical problem.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange message.

In a possible design, the first power range is further associated with afirst receive parameter; and the receiving, by the OLT in the first timerange, a registration message sent by the ONU includes: receiving, bythe OLT, the registration message in the first time range by using thefirst receive parameter. Remaining pieces of indication message in theat least one piece of indication message may indicate second powerranges and time ranges in one-to-one association with the second powerranges. Receive parameters associated with the first power range and thesecond power ranges are different, and receive parameters associatedwith any two of the second power ranges are different. Receiveparameters are associated with power ranges, so that the OLT classifiesONUs into groups based on the power ranges, and receives registrationsignals of different ONU groups by using different receive parameters.Through a dynamic adjustment to the receive parameter, a sensitivity ofan OLT receiver and an overload power of the OLT receiver can bebalanced, thereby expanding a dynamic range of a receive power of thereceiver. For example, when a received signal is relatively weak, toenhance the sensitivity of the entire OLT receiver as much as possible,a bias current of an amplifier may be set to a relatively high level, toensure that the amplifier provides a sufficiently high gain. However,when a signal input to the amplifier is strong, the amplifier does notneed to provide a high gain, and the bias current of the amplifier maybe reduced, so that a power of a signal output from the amplifier to aphotodetector is not excessively large, thereby preventing overload ofthe receiver.

In a possible design, the sending, by an OLT, first message to anunregistered ONU includes: sending, by the OLT, an MPCP frame to theunregistered ONU, where the MPCP frame includes a Discovery GATE messagefield, and the Discovery GATE message field includes the indicationmessage. An indication field is added in the Discovery GATE messagefield of the MPCP frame to indicate a power range. Compared with anexisting EPON system, the MPCP frame is modified less, which facilitatesstandard maintenance. More importantly, by modifying a message structureof the MPCP frame, different grant timeslots can be configured forregistration for ONUs whose link insertion loss differences aredifferent. Then a registration signal received by the OLT in any granttimeslot is sent by an ONU whose insertion loss difference is small,which facilitates a decrease in a response time of the OLT for theregistration signal.

In a possible design, the sending, by an OLT, first message to anunregistered ONU includes: sending, by the OLT, a GTC frame to theunregistered ONU, where the GTC frame includes a BWmap message field,and the BWmap message field includes the indication message. Anindication field is added in the BWmap message field of the GTC frame toindicate a power range. Compared with an existing GPON system, a messagestructure of the GTC frame is modified less, which facilitates standardmaintenance. More importantly, by modifying the message structure of theGTC frame, different grant timeslots can be configured for registrationfor ONUs whose link insertion loss differences are different. Then aregistration signal received by the OLT in any grant timeslot is sent byan ONU whose insertion loss difference is small, which facilitates adecrease in a response time of the OLT for the registration signal.

In a possible design, the method further includes: assigning, by theOLT, an ONU identifier to the unregistered ONU, and establishing anassociation relationship between the receive parameter associated withthe first time range and the assigned ONU identifier. The associationrelationship between the receive parameter and the assigned ONUidentifier is used by the OLT to obtain an association relationshipbetween a receive parameter and a second time range based on anassociation relationship between an ONU identifier and the second timerange and the association relationship between the ONU identifier andthe receive parameter when the OLT receives an upstream optical signal,so that the OLT receives, in the second time range based on theassociation relationship between the receive parameter and the secondtime range, an upstream optical signal sent by a registered ONU, whichfacilitates a decrease in an overall response time of the OLT fordifferent upstream optical signals.

In a possible design, a receiver of the OLT includes an amplifier and aphotodetector, and the first receive parameter is at least one of a biascurrent of the amplifier, a bias voltage of the photodetector, and lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector. When ONUs areclassified into groups based on power ranges, the receive parameter isset to the bias current of the amplifier, the bias voltage of thephotodetector, or the light attenuation between the amplifier and thephotodetector. Compared with the prior art, no additional device isadded, which facilitates expansion of the dynamic range of the receivepower of the OLT receiver at low costs.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two pieces of indication messageare different, time ranges indicated in any two pieces of indicationmessage are different, and N is an integer greater than 1. Anotherimplementation of sending the first message is provided, where anassociation relationship between a plurality of power ranges and aplurality of time ranges may be sent by using the first message.Compared with separate indications in a plurality of times, timeoverheads of a registration notification can be reduced.

In a possible design, the method further includes: sending, by the OLT,second message to a registered ONU, where the second message includes atleast one piece of indication message, and one piece of indicationmessage in the second message indicates an ONU identifier, and a secondtime range associated with the ONU identifier; and receiving, by the OLTin the second time range by using a receive parameter associated withthe second time range, an upstream optical signal sent by the registeredONU, where the upstream optical signal includes message indicating anONU identifier of the registered ONU, the second time range isassociated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstream opticalsignal, and the receive parameter associated with the second time rangeis specifically the receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier. Compared with the prior art, the OLT may receive, in thesecond time range based on the association relationship between thereceive parameter and the second time range, the upstream optical signalsent by the registered ONU, which facilitates a decrease in an overallresponse time of the OLT for different upstream optical signals.

In a possible design, the method further includes: when at least two ofONU identifiers indicated in the indication message are associated witha same receive parameter, second time ranges associated with the atleast two ONU identifiers are adjacent. Time for sending upstreamoptical signals by ONUs in a same ONU group may be concentrated in onetime period. The OLT receiver receives, in this time period based on asame receive parameter, the upstream optical signals sent by the ONUs inthe same ONU group, which facilitates a decrease in a response time ofthe OLT receiver for the upstream optical signals sent by the ONUs inthe same ONU group.

In a possible design, the method further includes: determining, by theOLT, an optical power of the received upstream optical signal, anddetermining the power range within which the optical power of theupstream optical signal falls; and when a receive parameter associatedwith the determined power range does not match the receive parameterassociated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstream opticalsignal, changing the receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier to the receive parameter associated with the determined powerrange. In a special case, when a power at which the upstream opticalsignal sent by the ONU actually reaches the OLT does not match the powerrange corresponding to the ONU identifier, the foregoing method may beused to update, based on the power at which the upstream optical signalsent by the ONU actually reaches the OLT, the power range and thereceive parameter that correspond to the ONU identifier, therebyavoiding problems such as power overload of the OLT receiver.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register. When the indication message includes the power rangemessage or message associated with the power range, a specific meaningof the indication message is allowing an ONU that meets a related powercondition to register, for example, allowing the ONU whose downstreamreceive power falls within the power range corresponding to the powerrange message to register, or allowing the ONU whose downstream receivepower falls within the power range corresponding to the identificationmessage to register, ensuring that the ONU can identify a physicalmeaning of the identification message in the indication message.

According to a second aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides an message transmission method in aPON system, including: receiving, by an unregistered optical networkunit ONU, first message sent by an optical line terminal OLT, where thefirst message includes at least one piece of indication message, and onepiece of indication message indicates a first power range and a firsttime range associated with the first power range; and sending, by theONU, a registration message to the OLT in the first time range based onthe first message after determining that a downstream receive powerfalls within the first power range indicated in the indication message.The OLT sends one or more pieces of indication message of mutuallyassociated time ranges and power ranges to the unregistered ONU.Different time ranges correspond to different power ranges. Therefore,when the downstream receive power of the unregistered ONU falls withinone of the power ranges, the ONU registers in a time range correspondingto the power range. Based on different power ranges, ONUs whosedownstream receive powers differ much may be classified into a pluralityof ONU groups, and ONUs whose downstream receive powers fall within asame power range belong to a same ONU group. Registration signals ofONUs in a same ONU group are similar or differ little in signal strengthwhen reaching the OLT, so that the OLT can quickly respond to theregistration signals of the ONUs in the same ONU group, and an overallresponse time of the OLT for registration signals of ONUs in differentONU groups can be shortened, thereby resolving the foregoing technicalproblem.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register. When the indication message includes the power rangemessage or message associated with the power range, a specific meaningof the indication message is allowing an ONU that meets a related powercondition to register, for example, allowing the ONU whose downstreamreceive power falls within the power range corresponding to the powerrange message to register, or allowing the ONU whose downstream receivepower falls within the power range corresponding to the identificationmessage to register, ensuring that the ONU can identify a physicalmeaning of the power range message.

In a possible design, the receiving, by an unregistered ONU, firstmessage sent by an OLT includes: receiving, by the unregistered ONU, anMPCP frame sent by the OLT, where the MPCP frame includes a DiscoveryGATE message field, and the Discovery GATE message field includes theindication message. An indication field is added in the Discovery GATEmessage field of the MPCP frame to indicate a power range. Compared withan existing EPON system, the MPCP frame is modified less, whichfacilitates standard maintenance. More importantly, by modifying amessage structure of the MPCP frame, different grant timeslots can beconfigured for registration for ONUs whose link insertion lossdifferences are different. Then a registration signal received by theOLT in any grant timeslot is sent by an ONU whose insertion lossdifference is small, which facilitates a decrease in a response time ofthe OLT for the registration signal.

In a possible design, the receiving, by an unregistered ONU, firstmessage sent by an OLT includes: receiving, by the unregistered ONU, aGTC frame sent by the OLT, where the GTC frame includes a BWmap messagefield, and the BWmap message field includes the indication message. Anindication field is added in the BWmap message field of the GTC frame toindicate a power range. Compared with an existing GPON system, a messagestructure of the GTC frame is modified less, which facilitates standardmaintenance. More importantly, by modifying the message structure of theGTC frame, different grant timeslots can be configured for registrationfor ONUs whose link insertion loss differences are different. Then aregistration signal received by the OLT in any grant timeslot is sent byan ONU whose insertion loss difference is small, which facilitates adecrease in a response time of the OLT for the registration signal.

In a possible design, the method further includes: skipping sending, bythe ONU, the registration message to the OLT when determining that thedownstream receive power does not match any power range indicated in thefirst message. The ONU does not register when the ONU does not meet apower condition indicated by the OLT, thereby ensuring that ONU groupsobtained through classification based on a registration process areaccurate.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, time ranges indicated in any two of the N piecesof indication message are different, and N is an integer greater than 1.Another implementation of sending the first message is provided, wherean association relationship between a plurality of power ranges and aplurality of time ranges may be sent by using the first message.Compared with separate indications in a plurality of times, timeoverheads of a registration notification can be reduced.

According to a third aspect, this application provides a PON system,including an OLT and an ONU that perform the foregoing messagetransmission method in a PON system or an OLT and an ONU that aredescribed in the following aspects. Specifically, the OLT sends firstmessage to the ONU, where the first message includes at least one pieceof indication message, and one piece of indication message indicates afirst power range and a first time range associated with the first powerrange. The ONU receives the first message sent by the optical lineterminal OLT, and sends a registration message to the OLT in the firsttime range based on the first message after determining that the ONU isunregistered and a downstream receive power falls within the first powerrange indicated in the indication message. The OLT receives, in thefirst time range, the registration message sent by the ONU. The OLTsends one or more pairs of mutually associated time ranges and powerranges to the unregistered ONU. Different time ranges correspond todifferent power ranges. Therefore, when the downstream receive power ofthe unregistered ONU falls within one of the power ranges, the ONUregisters in a time range corresponding to the power range. Based ondifferent power ranges, ONUs whose downstream receive powers differ muchmay be classified into a plurality of ONU groups, and ONUs whosedownstream receive powers fall within a same power range belong to asame ONU group. Registration signals of ONUs in a same ONU group aresimilar or differ little in signal strength when reaching the OLT, sothat the OLT can quickly respond to the registration signals of the ONUsin the same ONU group, and an overall response time of the OLT forregistration signals of ONUs in different ONU groups can be shortened,thereby resolving the foregoing technical problem.

According to a fourth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides an OLT, including: a transceiverunit, configured to send first message to an ONU, where the firstmessage includes at least one piece of indication message, and one pieceof indication message indicates a first power range and a first timerange associated with the first power range; and the processing unit,configured to indicate the transceiver unit to receive, in the firsttime range, a registration message sent by the ONU, where a downstreamreceive power of the ONU falls within the first power range.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the first power range is further associated with afirst receive parameter. Remaining pieces of indication message in theat least one piece of indication message indicate second power ranges.Receive parameters associated with the first power range and the secondpower ranges are different, and receive parameters associated with anytwo of the second power ranges are different. The processing unit isconfigured to indicate the transceiver unit to receive the registrationmessage in the first time range by using the first receive parameter.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit is specifically configured tosend an MPCP frame to the unregistered ONU, where the MPCP frameincludes a Discovery GATE message field, and the Discovery GATE messagefield includes the indication message.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit is specifically configured tosend a GTC frame to the unregistered ONU, where the GTC frame includes aBWmap message field, and the BWmap message field includes the indicationmessage.

In a possible design, the processing unit is further configured toassign an ONU identifier to the unregistered ONU, and establish anassociation relationship between the receive parameter associated withthe first time range and the assigned ONU identifier.

In a possible design, a receiver of the OLT includes an amplifier and aphotodetector, and the first receive parameter is at least one of a biascurrent of the amplifier, a bias voltage of the photodetector, and lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1.

In a possible design, the processing unit is further configured toindicate the transceiver unit to send second message to a registeredONU, where the second message includes at least one piece of indicationmessage, and one piece of indication message in the second messageindicates an ONU identifier, and a second time range associated with theONU identifier; and the processing unit is further configured toindicate the transceiver unit to receive, in the second time range byusing a receive parameter associated with the second time range, anupstream optical signal sent by the registered ONU, where the upstreamoptical signal includes message indicating an ONU identifier of theregistered ONU, the second time range is associated with the ONUidentifier indicated in the upstream optical signal, and the receiveparameter associated with the second time range is specifically thereceive parameter associated with the ONU identifier.

In a possible design, when at least two of ONU identifiers indicated inthe second message are associated with a same receive parameter, secondtime ranges associated with the at least two ONU identifiers areadjacent.

In a possible design, the processing unit is further configured to:after the transceiver unit receives the upstream optical signal sent bythe registered ONU, determine an optical power of the received upstreamoptical signal, and determine the power range within which the opticalpower of the upstream optical signal falls; and when a receive parameterassociated with the determined power range does not match the receiveparameter associated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstreamoptical signal, change the receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier to the receive parameter associated with the determined powerrange.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

According to a fifth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides an ONU, including: a transceiverunit, configured to receive first message sent by an OLT, where thefirst message includes at least one piece of indication message, and onepiece of indication message indicates a first power range and a firsttime range associated with the first power range; and a processing unit,configured to send a registration message to the OLT in the first timerange based on the first message after determining that the ONU isunregistered and a downstream receive power falls within the first powerrange indicated in the indication message.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit is configured to receive anMPCP frame sent by the OLT, where the MPCP frame includes a DiscoveryGATE message field, and the Discovery GATE message field includes theindication message.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit is configured to receive aGTC frame sent by the OLT, where the GTC frame includes a BWmap messagefield, and the BWmap message field includes the indication message.

In a possible design, the processing unit is configured to skip sendingthe registration message to the OLT when determining that the downstreamreceive power does not match any power range indicated in the firstmessage.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1.

According to a sixth aspect, this application provides a communicationsapparatus, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor. Thememory is configured to store an instruction. The processor isconfigured to execute the instruction stored in the memory and controlthe transceiver to receive and send signals. When the processor executesthe instruction stored in the memory, the processor is configured toperform an action performed by an OLT in the first aspect or anypossible design in the first aspect.

Specifically, the transceiver is configured to send first message to anONU, where the first message includes at least one piece of indicationmessage, and one piece of indication message indicates a first powerrange and a first time range associated with the first power range; andthe processor is configured to instruct the transceiver to receive, inthe first time range, a registration message sent by the ONU, where adownstream receive power of the ONU falls within the first power range.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the first power range is further associated with afirst receive parameter. Remaining pieces of indication message in theat least one piece of indication message indicate second power ranges.Receive parameters associated with the first power range and the secondpower ranges are different, and receive parameters associated with anytwo of the second power ranges are different. The processor isconfigured to instruct the transceiver to receive the registrationmessage in the first time range by using the first receive parameter.

In a possible design, the transceiver is specifically configured to sendan MPCP frame to the unregistered ONU, where the MPCP frame includes aDiscovery GATE message field, and the Discovery GATE message fieldincludes the indication message.

In a possible design, the transceiver is specifically configured to senda GTC frame to the unregistered ONU, where the GTC frame includes aBWmap message field, and the BWmap message field includes the indicationmessage.

In a possible design, the processor is further configured to assign anONU identifier to the unregistered ONU, and establish an associationrelationship between the receive parameter associated with the firsttime range and the assigned ONU identifier.

In a possible design, a receiver of the OLT includes an amplifier and aphotodetector, and the first receive parameter is at least one of a biascurrent of the amplifier, a bias voltage of the photodetector, and lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1.

In a possible design, the processor is further configured to instructthe transceiver to send second message to a registered ONU, where thesecond message includes at least one piece of indication message, andone piece of indication message in the second message indicates an ONUidentifier, and a second time range associated with the ONU identifier;and

the processor is further configured to instruct the transceiver toreceive, in the second time range by using a receive parameterassociated with the second time range, an upstream optical signal sentby the registered ONU, where the upstream optical signal includesmessage indicating an ONU identifier of the registered ONU, the secondtime range is associated with the ONU identifier indicated in theupstream optical signal, and the receive parameter associated with thesecond time range is specifically the receive parameter associated withthe ONU identifier.

In a possible design, when at least two of ONU identifiers indicated inthe second message are associated with a same receive parameter, secondtime ranges associated with the at least two ONU identifiers areadjacent.

In a possible design, the processor is further configured to: after thetransceiver receives the upstream optical signal sent by the registeredONU, determine an optical power of the received upstream optical signal,and determine the power range within which the optical power of theupstream optical signal falls; and when a receive parameter associatedwith the determined power range does not match the receive parameterassociated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstream opticalsignal, change the receive parameter associated with the ONU identifierto the receive parameter associated with the determined power range.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

According to a seventh aspect, this application provides acommunications apparatus, including a memory, a transceiver, and aprocessor. The memory is configured to store an instruction. Theprocessor is configured to execute the instruction stored in the memoryand control the transceiver to receive and send signals. When theprocessor executes the instruction stored in the memory, the processoris configured to perform an action performed by an ONU in the secondaspect or any possible design in the second aspect.

Specifically, the transceiver is configured to receive first messagesent by an OLT, where the first message includes at least one piece ofindication message, and one piece of indication message indicates afirst power range and a first time range associated with the first powerrange; and the processor is configured to send a registration message tothe OLT in the first time range after determining that the ONU isunregistered and a downstream receive power falls within the first powerrange indicated in the indication message.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

In a possible design, the transceiver is configured to receive an MPCPframe sent by the OLT, where the MPCP frame includes a Discovery GATEmessage field, and the Discovery GATE message field includes theindication message.

In a possible design, the transceiver is configured to receive a GTCframe sent by the OLT, where the GTC frame includes a BWmap messagefield, and the BWmap message field includes the indication message.

In a possible design, the processor is configured to skip sending theregistration message to the OLT when determining that the downstreamreceive power does not match any power range indicated in the firstmessage.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1.

According to an eighth aspect, this application provides an EPON messagestructure. The EPON message structure is an MPCP frame, the MPCP frameincludes a Discovery GATE message field, and the Discovery GATE messagefield includes the indication message in the first aspect or the secondaspect.

According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a GPON messagestructure. The GPON message structure is a GTC frame, the GTC frameincludes a BWmap message field, and the BWmap message field includes theindication message in the first aspect or the second aspect.

According to a tenth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium.An instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium. Whenthe instruction runs on a computer, the computer performs the method inthe first aspect or any possible design in the first aspect.

According to an eleventh aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium.An instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium. Whenthe instruction runs on a computer, the computer performs the method inthe second aspect or any possible design in the second aspect.

According to a twelfth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a computer program productincluding an instruction. When the instruction runs on a computer, thecomputer performs the method in the first aspect or any possible designin the first aspect.

According to a thirteenth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a computer program productincluding an instruction. When the instruction runs on a computer, thecomputer performs the method in the second aspect or any possible designin the second aspect.

According to a fourteenth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a circuit system. The circuitsystem is configured to implement the method in the first aspect or thesecond aspect or any possible design in the first aspect or the secondaspect.

According to a fifteenth aspect, to achieve the foregoing inventionobjective, this application provides a chip. The chip is connected to amemory, and is configured to read and execute a software program storedin the memory, to implement the method in the first aspect or the secondaspect or any possible design in the first aspect or the second aspect.

These aspects or other aspects in this application may be clearer andeasier to understand in description of the following embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a PON system according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 1b -1 and FIG. 1b -2 are a flowchart of registration in an EPONsystem according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 1c is a flowchart of registration in a GPON system according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 1d is a schematic structural diagram of an OLT receiver in theprior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLT receiver according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of an message transmission method in aPON system according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a message structure of an MPCP framein an EPON system according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 4b is a schematic structural diagram of an Ethernet frame in anMPCP frame according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of a message structure of a downstreamGTC frame in a GPON system according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 5b is a schematic structural diagram of a BWmap message field in adownstream GTC frame according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6a , FIG. 6b , FIG. 6c , and FIG. 6d show a curve of impact ofdifferent values of a bias current of an amplifier of an OLT receiver ona dynamic range of the receiver according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b are a schematic flowchart of ONU registration in aPON system according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of an upstream message transmissionmethod in a PON system according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a Discovery GATE discoverymessage field according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an Ident field in adownstream GTC frame format according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a PLOAMd field in adownstream GTC frame format according to an embodiment of thisapplication:

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a Plend field in adownstream GTC frame format according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an upstream GTC frameformat according to an embodiment of this application:

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a PLOAMu field in anupstream GTC frame format according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a GEM frame according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit system accordingto an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit system accordingto an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following describes the technical solutions in embodiments of thisapplication with reference to the accompanying drawings in theembodiments of this application. A specific operation method in a methodembodiment may also be applied to an apparatus embodiment or a systemembodiment. In description of this application, “a/the plurality of”means two or more unless otherwise stated.

FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a PON system according toan embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 1a , the PON systemincludes an OLT, an optical distribution network (optical distributionnetwork, ODN), and an ONU. In the PON system, transmission in adirection from the OLT to the ONU/ONT is referred to as downstreamtransmission, and transmission in an opposite direction is referred toas upstream transmission. In the downstream transmission, the OLTbroadcasts downstream data to each ONU. In the upstream transmission,time division multiplexing is used, and each ONU sends upstream data tothe OLT based on a transmit timeslot assigned by the OLT. The ONUprovides a user-side interface for the PON system, and is connected tothe ODN in an upstream direction. The ODN is a passive optical splittingdevice, and generally includes a passive optical splitter (also referredto as a splitter), a feeder fiber, and a distribution fiber. The ODN maysummarize upstream data of a plurality of ONUs and transmit the upstreamdata to the OLT, and transmit downstream data of the OLT to each ONU.

The PON system includes an EPON system and a gigabit-capable passiveoptical network GPON system.

A related technology and standard of the EPON system both are developedon the basis of IEEE 802.3. The EPON system is compatible with a commonETH technology and device, can reuse a large quantity of existing maturedevices and circuits, has low risks in design and implementation, andhas a relatively mature technology and industry chain at low costs.Therefore, the EPON system is favored by national telecom operators.Based on a point-to-multipoint network structure of the EPON, one OLTsimultaneously communicates with a plurality of ONUs. To distinguishbetween different ONUs, a unique LLID needs to be set for each ONU as anidentifier of the ONU. When the plurality of ONUs simultaneously senddata to the OLT, a signal conflict may be caused and affects normalsending of the OLT. Therefore, the OLT needs to coordinate the sendingof the ONUs in a time slice grant manner, to ensure that only one ONU isallowed to send data in a particular time period. In this way, theconflict can be effectively avoided. The Multi-Point Control Protocol(Multi-Point Control Protocol, MPCP) is defined in an EPON standard, toimplement ONU registration, and control and coordinate different ONUs toshare a PON network in a TDMA manner, to send upstream data. In the EPONsystem, the ONU needs to register first before normal communication withthe OLT, and a registration process is mainly completed through exchangeof MPCP frames. A registration process in the prior art is specificallyshown in FIG. 1b -1 and FIG. 1b -2. The OLT broadcasts a registrationnotification message, namely, a Discovery GATE message, to the ONU. TheDiscovery GATE message includes a grant serial number (discovery Grant)and grant timeslot message (Sync Time). All ONUs register by using atimeslot corresponding to the grant timeslot message. After the ONUreceives the Discovery GATE message, the ONU sends a registrationrequest message (Req) in specified Sync Time to request to register.After the OLT receives Req of the ONU, the OLT sends a feedback message(Register) to the ONU. Register includes acknowledgment message ofregistration consent or registration rejection. Then the ONU sends anacknowledgment message (ACK) to the OLT, and feeds back a registrationsuccess or a registration cancellation to the OLT. After registration iscompleted, the ONU may also send another request message (Req) torequest bandwidth, or send a deregistration request to deregister. Foran MPCP frame format in FIG. 1b -1 and FIG. 1b -2, refer to Table 8-2.For a message structure of a grant frame GATE, refer to Table 9. For amessage structure of a report frame REPORT, refer to Table 10. For amessage structure of Register_Req, refer to Table 11. For a messagestructure of Register, refer to Table 12. For a message structure ofRegister_ACK, refer to Table 13.

For the GPON system, the GPON has relatively high bandwidth efficiency,a synchronous timer mechanism of the GPON follows a conventional SDH,and a GEM is used for encapsulation to adapt to services at differentrates. Therefore, the GPON system currently has become a most popularaccess system among global operators. Based on a point-to-multipointnetwork structure of the GPON, a communication principle of the GPON isthe same as that of the EPON. To distinguish between different ONUs, aunique ONU-ID needs to be set for each ONU as an identifier of the ONU.A difference is that, to ensure QoS of different services on the ONU, aplurality of distribution units need to be disposed, and eachdistribution unit corresponds to traffic flows having a same trafficcharacteristic. Therefore, a time slice grant object of the OLT is adistribution unit on the ONU, and a used identifier is an allocationidentifier (Allocation Identifier, Alloc-ID). A plurality of differenttypes of user services may be carried on each ONU. To distinguishbetween different services, when the service is encapsulated by using aGPON encapsulation method (GPON encapsulation method, GEM), a GEMport-ID is used for identification. In the GPON system, the ONU needs toregister first before normal communication with the OLT, and aregistration process is mainly completed through exchange of PLOAMmessages of a GTC frame.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1c , the OLT first delivers a series ofspecial grants, such as Empty BWmap, SN request, and half-empty BWmap,to ensure that all normal ONUs stop sending, to obtain an idle timeperiod (briefly referred to as a quiet window below). SN request is adownstream GTC frame including only grants for all unregistered ONUs. Anewly registered ONU sends, in the quiet window, a Serial_number_ONUPLOAM message carrying an SN. After receiving the message, the OLTdelivers assigned ONU_ID to the ONU by delivering an Assign_ONU_ID PLOAMmessage. ONU_ID is used to identify the ONU. Then, ranging is initiatedby delivering Ranging_request. Ranging_request is similar to SN request,and a difference is that the grant is only for a single just discoveredONU that is to be ranged. The ONU sends a Serial_number_ONU PLOAMmessage in a ranging quiet window. The OLT performs ranging afterreceiving the message, and then delivers a ranging result to the ONU byusing a Ranging_Time PLOAM message. At this point, the entireregistration process ends and the ONU can communicate normally with theOLT.

In conclusion, in both the GPON system and the EPON system, the OLTspecifies a timeslot or a timeslot segment for registration, and eachunregistered ONU sends a registration signal based on a timeslot or atimeslot segment that is specified by the OLT for the ONU. In the priorart, all ONUs register in one grant timeslot segment.

In addition, a decrease in a transmit power of the ONU facilitatesimplementation of low-cost ONUs. However, with an increase in a linerate of the PON system, an OLT receiver has a lower receiver sensitivityin an upstream direction of the PON. By disposing a shared semiconductoroptical amplifier (semiconductor optical amplifier, SOA) in the front ofthe receiver of the optical line terminal OLT, the receiver sensitivityof the OLT may be enhanced, and the transmit power of the ONU isreduced, which facilitates implementation of low-cost ONUs. FIG. 2 is aschematic structural diagram of a receiver on an OLT side in a PONsystem according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG.2, the receiver mainly includes a head amplifier, a beam splitterelectrically connected to the head amplifier, and a photodetectorelectrically connected to the beam splitter. Specifically, the amplifiermay be SOA, and the photodetector may be a 25G avalanche photodiode(avalanche photodiode, APD). After the receiver of the OLT receives aburst signal sent by an ONU, the burst signal is sequentially input tothe amplifier, the beam splitter, and the photodetector. The burstsignal is input to the amplifier for optical power amplification, anamplified optical signal is input to the beam splitter for beamsplitting, and an optical signal obtained after the beam splitting isinput to the photodetector for optical signal detection. The receivershown in FIG. 2 also has a technical problem that an overall responsetime for burst signals sent by different ONUs is relatively long, whichmay cause an increase in a packet loss rate.

The embodiments of the present invention provide an message transmissionmethod in a PON system, to reduce an overall response time of an OLT forburst signals of different ONUs, to avoid an increase in a packet lossrate.

In the following embodiments, step numbers are merely for ease ofdescription, and steps are not necessarily performed in a strict order.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an message transmissionmethod in a PON system. As shown in FIG. 3, the method mainly includesthe following steps:

Step 101: An OLT sends first message to an unregistered ONU, where thefirst message includes at least one piece of indication message, and onepiece of indication message indicates a first power range and a firsttime range associated with the first power range.

Step 102: The unregistered ONU receives the first message sent by theOLT, and sends a registration message to the OLT in the first time rangebased on the first message after determining that a downstream receivepower falls within the first power range indicated in the indicationmessage.

Step 103: The OLT receives, in the first time range, the registrationmessage sent by the ONU, where the downstream receive power of the ONUfalls within the first power range.

In the foregoing embodiment, the OLT sends one or more pieces ofindication message indicating mutually associated time ranges and powerranges (a time range and a power range that are indicated in one pieceof indication message and that are associated with each other may bespecifically referred to as the first power range and the first timerange) to the unregistered ONU. Different time ranges correspond todifferent power ranges. Therefore, when the downstream receive power ofthe unregistered ONU falls within one of the power ranges, the ONUregisters in a time range corresponding to the power range. Based ondifferent power ranges, ONUs whose downstream receive powers differ muchmay be classified into a plurality of ONU groups, and ONUs whosedownstream receive powers fall within a same power range belong to asame ONU group. Registration signals of ONUs in a same ONU group aresimilar or differ little in signal strength when reaching the OLT, sothat the OLT can quickly respond to the registration signals of the ONUsin the same ONU group, and an overall response time of the OLT forregistration signals of ONUs in different ONU groups can be shortened,thereby resolving the foregoing technical problem.

It should be noted that a time range in this embodiment of the presentinvention is a grant timeslot segment associated with a power range (forexample, the first time range is a grant timeslot segment associatedwith the first power range). rangeGrant timeslot segments associatedwith a plurality of power ranges are different. Time rangescorresponding to grant timeslot segments associated with different powerranges are different from each other in time domain, and the granttimeslot segments associated with the different power ranges may occupyone or more timeslots, or may occupy a time resource element less thanone timeslot, for example, a time range less than 14 symbols. The timeranges corresponding to the grant timeslot segments associated with thedifferent power ranges may be adjacent, may be partially adjacent, ormay not be adjacent to each other.

It should be noted that each first time range for registration is anidle time period, and a registered ONU does not perform servicecommunication with the OLT in the idle time period.

In step 101, the sending, by an OLT, first message to an unregisteredONU may be: broadcasting, by the OLT, the first message to all ONUs,where both a registered ONU and an unregistered ONU can receive thefirst message. The registered ONU does not respond after receiving thefirst message, and ignores the first message. The unregistered ONUresponds to the first message after receiving the first message.

In step 101, one piece of first message may include a plurality ofpieces of indication message, or may include only one piece ofindication message. Each piece of indication message indicates a powerrange and a time range that are associated with each other.

Optionally, in step 101, the first message includes N pieces ofindication message, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces ofindication message are different, time ranges indicated in any two ofthe N pieces of indication message are different, and N is an integergreater than 1. An association relationship between a plurality of powerranges and a plurality of time ranges is sent by using the firstmessage. Compared with separate indications in a plurality of times,time overheads of a registration notification can be reduced.

For example, the OLT preconfigures two power ranges, a first power rangeis associated with a first time range, a second power range isassociated with a second time range, the first power range and thesecond power range are different, and the first time range and thesecond time range are different. Based on the two power ranges, ONUswhose downstream receive powers differ much may be classified into twoONU groups, and the first message may include two pieces of indicationmessage. Specifically, a first piece of indication message indicates thefirst power range and the first time range associated with the firstpower range, and a second piece of indication message indicates thesecond power range and the second time range associated with the secondpower range.

For another example, the OLT preconfigures four power ranges, each powerrange is associated with one time range, the four power ranges aredifferent from each other, and the four time ranges are different fromeach other. Based on the four power ranges, ONUs whose downstreamreceive powers differ much may be classified into four ONU groups, andthe first message may include four pieces of indication message.Specifically, a first piece of indication message indicates a firstpower range and a first time range associated with the first powerrange, a second piece of indication message indicates a second powerrange and a second time range associated with the second power range, athird piece of indication message indicates a third power range and athird time range associated with the third power range, and a fourthpiece of indication message indicates a fourth power range and a fourthtime range associated with the fourth power range.

Optionally, in step 101, the first message sent by the OLT includes onlyone piece of indication message. After step 103, by performing step 101to step 103 again, registration of an ONU in another power range may becompleted.

For example, the OLT preconfigures two power ranges, a first power rangeis associated with a first time range, a second power range isassociated with a second time range, the first power range and thesecond power range are different, and the first time range and thesecond time range are different. In this case, in step 101, the OLT maysend a first piece of first message in a first time period and send asecond piece of first message in a second time period, where the firstpiece of first message includes one piece of indication message used toindicate the first power range and the first time range associated withthe first power range, and the second piece of first message includesone piece of indication message used to indicate the second power rangeand the second time range associated with the second power range. Thefirst time period and the second time period may be consecutive or maybe spaced by a period of time.

For another example, the OLT preconfigures N power ranges, each powerrange is associated with one time range, the N power ranges aredifferent from each other, the N time ranges are different from eachother, and N is a positive integer greater than 2. The OLT maysequentially send different first message in N different time periods,to separately indicate the N power ranges and the time ranges associatedwith the N power ranges.

In step 102, the downstream receive power is a power that is monitoredby the ONU and that is of a downstream signal received by the ONU, andmay be monitored in real time, or may be an average optical power thatis monitored in a period of time and that is of received downstreamsignals or broadcast signals.

In a possible implementation scenario, the indication message in thefirst message includes power range message.

For example, two power ranges: P<P1 and P≥P1 are prestored on an OLTside. When the indication message includes power range message, thepower range message may directly be one power range, for example, powerrange message P<P1, or power range message P≥P1.

Optionally, when the indication message includes the power rangemessage, a physical meaning of the power range message is indicating anONU whose downstream receive power falls within a power rangecorresponding to the power range message to register. When theindication message indicates the power range message, a specific meaningof the indication message is allowing an ONU that meets a related powercondition to register, for example, allowing an ONU whose downstreamreceive power falls within the power range corresponding to the powerrange message to register, ensuring that the ONU can identify thephysical meaning of the power range message.

For example, when the indicated power range message is P<P1, an ONUwhose downstream receive power P is less than P1 is indicated toregister; when the indicated power range message is P≥P1, an ONU whosedownstream receive power P is greater than or equal to P1 is indicatedto register. In this case, after receiving the first message, the ONUcan directly obtain a correspondence between a power range correspondingto the power range message and a time range in which registration isallowed. Based on this, the time range in which registration is allowedcan be determined based on the power range within which the downstreamreceive power falls.

For another example, four power ranges: P<P0, P0≤P<P1, P1≤P<P2, and P≥P2are prestored on the OLT side. The indication message in the firstmessage may be one of the power ranges. Specifically, when the powerrange message is P<P1, an ONU whose downstream receive power is lessthan P1 is instructed to register; when the power range message isP0≤P<P1, an ONU whose downstream receive power is greater than or equalto P0 but less than P is instructed to register; when the power rangemessage is P1≤P<P2, an ONU whose downstream receive power is greaterthan or equal to P1 but less than P2 is instructed to register; when thepower range message is P≥P2, an ONU whose downstream receive power isgreater than or equal to P2 is instructed to register. In this case,after receiving the indication message in the first message, the ONU candirectly obtain a correspondence between a power range corresponding tothe power range message and a time range in which registration isallowed. Based on this, the time range in which registration is allowedcan be determined based on the power range within which the downstreamreceive power falls.

In another possible implementation scenario, the indication message inthe first message may include identification message associated with thepower range. For example, a correspondence between two flag values andtwo power ranges is prestored on each of an ONU side and the OLT side,and the indication message occupies 3 bits to indicate the power range.

Optionally, the indication message in the first message is specificallyused to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within apower range corresponding to the identification message to register.When the indication message in the first message includes theidentification message, a specific meaning of the indication message isallowing an ONU that meets a related power condition to register, forexample, allowing an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within thepower range corresponding to the identification message to register,ensuring that the ONU can identify a physical meaning of theidentification message associated with the power range.

For example, a flag value 001 indicates an ONU whose downstream receivepower P is less than P1 to register, and a flag value 010 indicates anONU whose downstream receive power P is greater than or equal to P toregister. In this case, after receiving the indication message, the ONUcan determine, based on the flag value and the locally prestoredcorrespondence between the flag values and the two power ranges, acorrespondence between a power range and a time range in whichregistration is allowed, and determine, based on the power range withinwhich the downstream receive power falls, the time range in whichregistration is allowed.

For another example, a correspondence between four flag values and fourpower ranges is prestored on each of the ONU side and the OLT side, andthe first message still occupies 3 bits to fill in a flag value. A flagvalue 100 indicates an ONU whose downstream receive power P is less thanP0 to register, a flag value 101 indicates an ONU whose downstreamreceive power P is greater than or equal to P0 but less than P1 toregister, a flag value 110 indicates an ONU whose downstream receivepower P is greater than or equal to P1 but less than P2 to register, anda flag value 111 indicates an ONU whose downstream receive power P isgreater than P2 to register. In this case, after receiving any one pieceof indication message, the ONU can determine, based on the flag valueand the locally prestored correspondence between the flag values and thefour power ranges, a correspondence between a power range and a timerange in which registration is allowed. Based on this, the ONU candetermine, based on the power range within which the downstream receivepower falls, the time range in which registration is allowed.

It should be noted that a quantity of power ranges that are obtainedthrough division can be flexibly designed based on a dynamic range of areceive power of a receiver of the OLT. Optionally, a larger dynamicrange of the receive power of the receiver indicates a smaller quantityof power ranges obtained through division, and a smaller dynamic rangeof the receive power indicates a larger quantity of power rangesobtained through division, to facilitate, through division of powerranges, a proper balance between the dynamic range of the receive powerof the receiver and an overall response rate for burst signals.

In step 101, the first message may be carried in a registrationnotification message or another notification message. For example, in anEPON, the first message may be carried in a registration messagebroadcast by the OLT. In a GPON, the first message may be carried in aregistration grant message broadcast by the OLT.

In the EPON system, the OLT sends the first message by using an MPCPframe.

The MPCP frame is an Ethernet packet. A message structure of the MPCPframe is shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b , and includes an inter-packet gap(IPG), a preamble, and an Ethernet frame (Ethernet Frame). The Ethernetframe includes seven fields: a destination address DA, a source addressSA, a length or type T/L, an operation code (Opcode), a timestamp(Timestamp), an message field datapad, and a frame check sequence FCS.An entire discovery grant Discovery GATE field is in the data/pad field,and the data/pad field includes a quantity of grant timeslots (a currentquantity is 1 by default when a registration notification is sent), astart time, a timeslot length, Discovery message, a reserved field, andthe like. In the prior art, all ONUs register in one grant timeslotsegment. A start time of the data/pad field of the Discovery GATEmessage field and the timeslot length are used to indicate a granttimeslot segment. For specific content of the data/pad field, refer toFIG. 9.

In this application, an improvement to the message structure of the MPCPframe is as follows: An indication field of the foregoing power range isadded in the Discovery GATE message field, and is associated with anindication field of indication message indicating a grant timeslotsegment. This indication field of the power range is used to indicate apower range, and the indication field of the power range may be aDiscovery message (discovery message) field in the data/pad field of theDiscovery GATE message field. Optionally, for specific content of amessage structure of the Discovery GATE message field, refer to Table8-1.

In a possible design, the sending, by an OLT, first message to anunregistered ONU includes: sending, by the OLT, an MPCP frame to theunregistered ONU, where the MPCP frame includes a Discovery GATE(discovery grant) message field, and the Discovery GATE message fieldincludes the indication message. An indication field is added in theDiscovery GATE message field of the MPCP frame to indicate a powerrange. Compared with an existing EPON system, the MPCP frame is modifiedless, which facilitates standard maintenance. More importantly, bymodifying a message structure of the MPCP frame, different granttimeslots can be configured for registration for ONUs whose linkinsertion loss differences are different. Then a registration signalreceived by the OLT in any grant timeslot is sent by an ONU whoseinsertion loss difference is small, which facilitates a decrease in aresponse time of the OLT for the registration signal.

Specifically, a power range is included in the discovery message(Discovery message) field, and Discovery message may be extended by atleast 3 bits on the basis of original 2 bytes, namely, 16 bits, toindicate the power range, where second indication message is indicatedby a start time and a timeslot length.

Optionally, in the field extended in the Discovery message field,different indicator values represent different power ranges, and anindicator value may be power range message or may be a flag value of apower range.

For example, a correspondence between four indicator values and fourpower ranges is prestored on each of the ONU side and the OLT side. Asshown in Table 1, when the indication field extended in the Discoverymessage field is set to 100, it indicates that when receiving thisDiscovery GATE grant, all ONUs whose downstream receive powers are lessthan or equal to P0 can send, in a time range of this grant, aregistration message to the OLT to register. When the indication fieldis set to 101, when receiving this Discovery GATE grant, all ONUs whosedownstream receive powers are greater than P0 but less than or equal toP1 can send, in a time range of this grant, a registration message tothe OLT to register. When the indication field is set to 110, whenreceiving this Discovery GATE grant, all ONUs whose downstream receivepowers are greater than P1 but less than or equal to P2 can send, in atime range of this grant, a registration message to the OLT to register.When the indication field is set to 111, when receiving this DiscoveryGATE grant, all ONUs whose downstream receive powers are greater than P2can send a registration message to the OLT in a timeslot correspondingto this grant.

Optionally, as shown in Table 1, when the indication field extended inthe Discovery message field is set to 000, when receiving this DiscoveryGATE grant, ONUs at all power levels can send, in a time range of thisgrant, a registration message to the OLT to register.

TABLE 1 Discovery message ONU granted for registration 100 ONU whosedownstream receive power is less than or equal to P0 101 ONU whosedownstream receive power is greater than P0 but less than or equal to P1110 ONU whose downstream receive power is greater than P1 but less thanor equal to P2 111 ONU whose downstream receive power is greater than P2000 ONUs at all power levels

Optionally, in this application, the message structure of the MPCP framemay be further improved as follows: An ONU logical identifier of an ONUgroup is added in a logical link identifier LLID field of the preamble.

Specifically, the OLT may preconfigure ONU logical identifiers of aplurality of ONU groups based on a quantity of power ranges obtainedthrough division. One ONU logical identifier represents one ONU group,an ONU logical identifier of one ONU group is associated with one pieceof indication message of the Discovery GATE message field, and the OLTmay instruct, by using different broadcast ONU logical identifiers, ONUsof different groups to separately register in different time periods.

Addition of the ONU logical identifier of the ONU group in the LLIDfield of the preamble is applicable to a case in which the first messageincludes one piece of indication message, and is also applicable to acase in which the first message includes a plurality of pieces ofindication message.

In the GPON system, the OLT sends the first message by using a GTCframe.

A message structure of the GTC frame is shown in FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b .The message structure of the GTC frame includes: a physical controlblock downstream (PCBd) and a payload (Payload). The PCBd includes aphysical synchronization (Psync) field, an Ident field (the Ident fieldis used to indicate a larger frame structure, and for a structure of theIdent field, refer to FIG. 10), a PLOAMd field (the PLOAMd field carriesa downstream PLOAM message and is used to carry a PLOAM message, and fora structure of the PLOAMd field, refer to FIG. 11), a BIP field (the BIPfield is used to measure a quantity of errors on a link), a Plend field(the Plend field is used to indicate a length of a bandwidth map BWmap,and for a structure of the Plend field, refer to FIG. 12), and a USBWmap field (each entry in an array represents bandwidth assigned to aparticular receiver). A quantity of entries in a mapping table isspecified by the Plend field. In this application, the US BWmap is usedfor ONU logical identifier assignment, and the like. For a structure ofthe US BWmap, refer to FIG. 5b . For a meaning of each part of thefield, refer to Table 15. The US BWmap field includes N concatenated8-byte fields: Access 1, Access 2, . . . , and Access N. Using theAccess 1 field as an example, the Access 1 field includes an Alloc-IDfield, a reserved field, an SStart field, an SStop field, and the like.An Access field indicates an address segment of an ONU. In the priorart, the Alloc-ID field may be used to indicate a unique identifier ofthe ONU (indicating a transmit timeslot of an upstream signal), or maybe used to indicate a special flag value to represent all unregisteredONUs. The payload includes a plurality of GEM frames having differentlengths.

In the prior art, all ONUs register in one grant timeslot segment. AnSStart field and an SStop field in one Alloc-ID of the US BWmap fieldare used to indicate one grant timeslot segment.

In this application, an improvement to the message structure of the GTCframe is as follows: A plurality of Access indicator fields are furtherextended on the basis of original Access indicator fields of the USBWmap field. In the extended Access indicator fields, an Alloc-ID fieldincludes a power range to indicate the power range, and an SStart fieldand an SStop field include a time range associated with the power range,to indicate a grant timeslot segment associated with the power range.The SStart field indicates a start moment of a time range associatedwith an Alloc-ID value, and the SStop field indicates a stop moment ofthe time range associated with the Alloc-ID value.

In a possible design, the sending, by an OLT, first message to anunregistered ONU includes: sending, by the OLT, a GTC frame to theunregistered ONU, where the GTC frame includes a BWmap message field,and the BWmap message field includes the indication message. Anindication field is added in the BWmap message field of the GTC frame toindicate a power range. Compared with an existing GPON system, a messagestructure of the GTC frame is modified less, which facilitates standardmaintenance. More importantly, by modifying the message structure of theGTC frame, different grant timeslots can be configured for registrationfor ONUs whose link insertion loss differences are different. Then aregistration signal received by the OLT in any grant timeslot is sent byan ONU whose insertion loss difference is small, which facilitates adecrease in a response time of the OLT for the registration signal.

Optionally, in the fields extended in the US BWmap field differentindicator values of the Alloc-ID field represent different power ranges,and an indicator value of the Alloc-ID field may be power range messageor may be a flag value of a power range.

For example, a correspondence between four Alloc-ID values and fourpower ranges is prestored on each of the ONU side and the OLT side.Table 2 shows the correspondence between the Alloc-ID values and thepower ranges. When the Alloc-ID in the BWmap is set to 1019, itindicates that when receiving this BWmap grant, all ONUs whosedownstream receive powers are less than or equal to P0 can send, in atime range of this grant, a registration message (for example, aSerial_Number_ONU message) to the OLT to register. When the Alloc-ID inthe BWmap is set to 1020, when receiving this BWmap grant, all ONUswhose downstream receive powers are greater than P0 but less than orequal to P1 can send, in a time range of this grant, a registrationmessage to the OLT to register. When the Alloc-ID in the BWmap is set to1021, when receiving this BWmap grant, all ONUs whose downstream receivepowers are greater than P but less than or equal to P2 can send, in atime range of this grant, a registration message to the OLT to register.When the Alloc-ID in the BWmap is set to 1022, when receiving this BWmapgrant, all ONUs whose downstream receive powers are greater than P2 cansend a registration message to the OLT in a timeslot corresponding tothis grant.

Optionally, one Alloc-ID and a time range associated with the Alloc-IDmay be additionally added to indicate an ONU whose power range does notfall within a range of these power ranges or an ONU whose power rangecannot be identified to register. For example, in Table 2, when theAlloc-ID in the BWmap is set to 1023, when receiving this BWmap grant,all ONUs can send, in a time range of this grant, a registration messageto the OLT to register. Optionally, for a specific structure of theAlloc-ID, refer to Table 14.

TABLE 2 Alloc-ID ONU granted for registration 1019 ONU whose downstreamreceive power is less than or equal to P0 1020 ONU whose downstreamreceive power is greater than P0 but less than or equal to P1 1021 ONUwhose downstream receive power is greater than P1 but less than or equalto P2 1022 ONU whose downstream receive power is greater than P2 1023ONUs at all power levels

Based on the registration manners of the foregoing EPON series and GPONseries, timeslot discovery grants are separately performed for ONUs withdifferent downstream receive powers in groups obtained throughclassification based on power ranges, and then the ONUs register. Afterregistration is completed, the ONU can be marked and grouped based on apower range within which the downstream receive power of the ONU falls.In this way, a response time for burst signals of ONUs in a same groupdiffers less, which facilitates a decrease in an overall response timefor all ONU groups.

In addition to the technical problem that a response time for a burstsignal of an ONU is long, an existing OLT receiver also has anotherproblem. Due to an overload power limitation of the receiver, a dynamicrange of a receive power of the OLT receiver is limited and hardly meetsa requirement that the dynamic range of the receive power of the OLTreceiver reaches up to 20 dB in the PON system. Specific reasons are asfollows:

Still using the receiver shown in FIG. 2 as an example, optical powersof the burst signal are different at different nodes of the receiver.Referring to Table 3, when an optical power of a TP 1 node is −32.3 dBm,the receiver can just implement an error rate of 1E-3. When an inputpower of the TP 1 node increases to −22 dBm, an input power of the APDhas reached −4 dBm. If an overload power (a maximum input power allowedby the APD) of the APD is −4 dBm, the dynamic range of the receive powerof the receiver is 10.3 dB, namely, a difference between −22 dBm and−32.3 dBm. The APD needs to be sacrificed to expand the dynamic range ofthe receive power of the receiver. For example, after the APD isoverloaded, the optical power of the TP 1 node still increases. When theoptical power of the TP 1 node increases to −17.4 dBm, the input powerof the APD may reach +0 dBm. In this case, the input power of the APDhas reached a damage power of the APD. However, the dynamic range of thereceive power is only 15 dB (a difference between −17.4 dBm and −32.3dBm), the requirement that the dynamic range of the receive power of theOLT receiver is at least 20 dBm in the PON system is still hardly met.

The optical power of the TP 1 node is an optical power input to theamplifier, and is also referred to as an input power of the amplifier.An optical power of a TP 2 node is an optical power input to the beamsplitter, and is also referred to as an input power of the beamsplitter. An optical power of a TP 3 node is an optical power input tothe photodetector, and is also referred to as an input power of thephotodetector. The dynamic range of the receive power of the receiver ofthe OLT is a power range formed by a minimum input optical power and amaximum input optical power that are allowed by the receiver, namely, adifference between a maximum optical power allowed by the TP 1 node anda minimum optical power allowed by the TP 1 node. The minimum opticalpower allowed by the TP 1 node is limited by a receiver sensitivity ofthe receiver. The minimum optical power allowed by the TP 1 node needsto ensure that an error rate of a burst signal received by the receiveris less than at least 1E-3. The maximum optical power allowed by the TP1 node is limited by a maximum optical power allowed by the TP 3 node,and the maximum optical power allowed by the TP 3 node should be lessthan an overload optical power of the photodetector.

TABLE 3 Minimum Maximum Maximum Maximum Dynamic input input output inputrange power power power power (dB) of receive (dBm) of (dBm) of (dBm) of(dBm) of power of SOA SOA SOA APD receiver −32.3 −13.3 4 3 19 −32.3−17.4 1.8 0 15 −32.3 −22 −0.3 −4 10.3

A solution for expanding an overall dynamic range of a receive power ofreceiving a burst signal by a receiver is provided. As shown in FIG. 1d, an OLT receiver includes an SOA, an optical splitter, a variableoptical attenuator VOA, a plurality of monitor PDs, and a photodetector.An optical signal output from the SOA first passes through the opticalsplitter, and then a part of optical signal split out of the opticalsplitter enters a monitor PD, and the other part enters the variableoptical attenuator VOA, and is input to the photodetector after anoptical attenuation adjustment by the variable optical attenuator VOA.Specifically, a process of the optical attenuation adjustment to theoptical signal by the variable optical attenuator VOA is as follows: Themonitor PD is connected to the variable optical attenuator VOA by usingan automatic attenuation controller. The controller dynamically adjustsan optical attenuation value of the variable optical attenuator VOA forthe optical signal by using an output power of the SOA that is read bythe monitor PD, to adjust an optical power of the optical signal thatenters the photodetector. When the received optical signal is strong,the variable optical attenuator VOA can be controlled by the controllerto adjust the optical attenuation value for the optical signal to alarge value, to reduce the optical power that enters the photodetectorand avoid causing overload of the photodetector. Therefore, a maximuminput power of the receiver is not limited by the overload power of thephotodetector, which facilitates expansion of the dynamic range of thereceive power of the entire OLT receiver. However, a disadvantage isthat a plurality of components, such as the optical splitter, thevariable optical attenuator VOA, the monitor PD, and the automaticattenuation controller, need to be additionally added in the OLT.Packaging of the optical splitter and the variable optical attenuatorVOA is relatively complex, and costs of the OLT are significantlyincreased.

On the basis of performing registration at different time based on powerranges in the foregoing embodiment, in this application, differentreceive parameters are set for different power ranges while no componentis additionally added in the OLT, and a registration signal sent by anONU in a power range is received based on a receive parameter.Therefore, the maximum input power of the receiver is not limited by theoverload power of the photodetector, which facilitates expansion of thedynamic range of the receive power of the entire OLT receiver.

Specifically, in step 101, the power range associated with the firsttime range is further associated with a receive parameter. Receiveparameters associated with any two different power ranges are different.In other words, any power range is not only associated with a time rangebut also associated with a receive parameter, and different power rangescorrespond to different receive parameters.

Receive parameters are associated with power ranges, so that the OLTclassifies ONUs into groups based on the power ranges, and receivesregistration signals of different ONU groups by using different receiveparameters. Through a dynamic adjustment to the receive parameter, asensitivity of an OLT receiver and an overload power of the OLT receivercan be balanced, thereby expanding the dynamic range of the receivepower of the receiver. For example, when a received signal is relativelyweak, to enhance the sensitivity of the entire OLT receiver as much aspossible, a bias current of an amplifier may be set to a relatively highlevel, to ensure that the amplifier provides a sufficiently high gain.However, when a signal input to the amplifier is strong, the amplifierdoes not need to provide a high gain, and the bias current of theamplifier may be reduced, so that a power of a signal output from theamplifier to the photodetector is not excessively large, therebypreventing overload of the receiver.

Further, in step 103, the receiving, by the OLT, a registration messagein the first time range includes: receiving, by the OLT, theregistration message by using the first receive parameter associatedwith the first time range.

Optionally, the receive parameter may be at least one of a bias currentof the amplifier, a reverse bias voltage of the photodetector, and lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector. The lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector may be adjustedby disposing a variable attenuator between the amplifier and thephotodetector.

If the receive parameter is the bias current of the amplifier, on thebasis of separately performing timeslot discovery grants andregistration in groups obtained through classification based on powerranges in the foregoing embodiment, receiving a registration messagebased on a corresponding receive parameter means that for an ONU whosedownstream receive power is relatively high, the bias current of theamplifier is set to be relatively small in a timeslot in which a signalreaches the OLT, and then a response starts to be made to theregistration signal from the ONU, and for an ONU whose downstreamreceive power is relatively low, the bias current of the amplifier isset to be relatively large in a timeslot in which a signal reaches theOLT, which facilitates expansion of the dynamic range of the receivepower of the entire OLT receiver.

If the receive parameter is the reverse bias voltage of the detector, onthe basis of separately performing timeslot discovery grants andregistration in groups obtained through classification based on powerranges in the foregoing embodiment, receiving a registration messagebased on a corresponding receive parameter means that for an ONU whosedownstream receive power is relatively high, the reverse bias voltage ofthe detector is set to be relatively small in a timeslot in which asignal reaches the OLT, and then a response starts to be made to theregistration signal from the ONU, and for an ONU whose downstreamreceive power is relatively low, the reverse bias voltage of thedetector is set to be relatively large in a timeslot in which a signalreaches the OLT, and then a response is made to the registration signalfrom the ONU, which facilitates expansion of the dynamic range of thereceive power of the entire OLT receiver.

If the receive parameter is the optical attenuation value adjusted bythe variable attenuator, on the basis of separately performing timeslotdiscovery grants and registration in groups obtained throughclassification based on power ranges in the foregoing embodiment,receiving a registration message based on a corresponding receiveparameter means that for an ONU whose downstream receive power isrelatively high, the optical attenuation of the variable attenuator isset to be relatively large in a timeslot in which a signal reaches theOLT, and then a response starts to be made to the registration signalfrom the ONU, and for an ONU whose downstream receive power isrelatively low, the optical attenuation of the variable attenuator ofthe detector is set to be relatively small in a timeslot in which asignal reaches the OLT, and then a response is made to the registrationsignal from the ONU, which facilitates expansion of the dynamic range ofthe receive power of the entire OLT receiver.

Specifically, for example, a time range corresponding to a power rangeal is a grant timeslot b1, and a receive parameter corresponding to thegrant timeslot b1 is a bias current c1 of the amplifier. An adjustmentprocess of the receive parameter includes: The receive parameter istotally controlled by a MAC instruction in the grant timeslot b1, andthe bias current c1 is implemented by corresponding circuit control inan OLT optical module. The OLT sends, in the grant timeslot b1, anadjustment command to the OLT optical module through MAC by using aninter-integrated circuit (Inter-Integrated Circuit, IIC) bus interface.After the OLT optical module receives the adjustment command, acorresponding circuit in the OLT optical module adjusts the bias currentof the amplifier to c1. Likewise, when the receive parameter is thereverse bias voltage of the photodetector or the optical attenuationvalue of the variable attenuator disposed between the amplifier and thephotodetector, the receive parameter is implemented by correspondingcircuit control in the OLT optical module.

In a possible design, after the receiving, by the OLT, a registrationmessage in the first time range, the method further includes: assigning,by the OLT, an ONU identifier to the unregistered ONU, and establishingan association relationship between the first receive parameterassociated with the first time range and the assigned ONU identifier. Inthis application, the first time range corresponds to the first receiveparameter, and a second time range corresponds to a second receiveparameter. The “first” and “second” herein are intended to distinguishbetween different values of receive parameters.

A process of establishing an association relationship between a receiveparameter and an assigned ONU identifier in a registration process isequivalent to a process of classifying all ONUs into groups based onpower ranges obtained through division and a correspondence betweenpower ranges and time ranges. After classification, one ONU groupcorresponds to one power range, and one power range corresponds to onetime range and one receive parameter. Different ONU groups correspond todifferent time ranges and different receive parameters, which can notonly implement a quick response to a burst signal, but also effectivelyexpand the dynamic range of the receive power of the OLT receiver.

After the assigning, by the OLT, an ONU identifier to the unregisteredONU, the registration process further includes: sending, by the OLT toan ONU registered in a current time range, an ONU identifier assigned tothe ONU.

After registration is completed, the OLT indicates grant timeslotmessage of an upstream optical signal to different registered ONUs.Specifically, a configuration and sending process of grant timeslotmessage of an upstream optical signal for a registered ONU may beconsistent with that in the prior art, but a process of receiving theupstream optical signal is improved compared with that in the prior art,to be specific, the upstream optical signal is received based on areceive parameter corresponding to an ONU identifier.

In a possible design, after registration is completed, the methodfurther includes: sending, by the OLT, second message to a registeredONU, where the second message includes at least one piece of indicationmessage, and one piece of indication message indicates an ONUidentifier, and a second time range associated with the ONU identifier.The second time range is a transmit timeslot occupied by the ONUcorresponding to the ONU identifier when the ONU sends an upstreamoptical signal.

Optionally, the second message may include one piece of indicationmessage or may include a plurality of pieces of indication message.

In a possible design, after the sending, by the OLT, second message to aregistered ONU, the method further includes:

receiving, by the OLT in the second time range by using a receiveparameter associated with the second time range, an upstream opticalsignal sent by the registered ONU, where the upstream optical signalincludes message indicating an ONU identifier of the registered ONU, thesecond time range is associated with the ONU identifier indicated in theupstream optical signal, and the receive parameter associated with thesecond time range is specifically the receive parameter associated withthe ONU identifier. The second time range is associated with the ONUidentifier, and the ONU identifier is also associated with the receiveparameter. Therefore, the second time range and the receive parameterthat are associated with the same ONU identifier are also associatedwith each other.

If that an ONU identifier LLID 1 is associated with a time range 1 and areceive parameter 1 and that an ONU identifier LLID 2 is associated witha time range 2 and a receive parameter 2 are prestored in the OLT, theOLT receives, in the time range 1 by using the receive parameter 1, anupstream optical signal sent by a registered ONU whose ONU identifier isthe LLID 1, and the OLT receives, in the time range 2 by using thereceive parameter 2, an upstream optical signal sent by a registered ONUwhose ONU identifier is the LLID 2. When the OLT sends the secondmessage to the registered ONU, the LLID 1 and the time range 1associated with each other, and the LLID 2 and the time range 2associated with each other may be sent by using one message or may besent by using two messages.

Optionally, when the second message includes the plurality of pieces ofindication message, the second message indicates a plurality of ONUidentifiers. Based on an association relationship between the ONUidentifiers and receive parameters, when at least two of the ONUidentifiers indicated in the second message are associated with a samereceive parameter, second time ranges associated with the at least twoONU identifiers are adjacent.

For example, there are two ONU identifiers: an LLID 1 and an LLID 2 inthe second message, the LLID 1 and the LLID 2 are associated with a samereceive parameter, the LLID 1 is associated with a time range 1, theLLID 2 is associated with a time range 2, and the time range 1 and thetime range 2 are consecutive in time domain. For another example, threeONU identifiers: an LLID 1, an LLID 2, and an LLID 3 in the secondmessage are associated with a same receive parameter, the LLID 1 isassociated with a time range 1, the LLID 2 is associated with a timerange 2, the LLID 3 is associated with a time range 3, and the timerange 1 and the time range 2 as well as the time range 2 and time range3 are consecutive in time domain.

In this way, time for sending upstream optical signals by ONUs in a sameONU group can be concentrated in one time period. The OLT receiverreceives, in this time period based on a same receive parameter, theupstream optical signals sent by the ONUs in the same ONU group, whichfacilitates a decrease in a response time of the OLT receiver for theupstream optical signals sent by the ONUs in the same ONU group.

In a possible design, after the receiving, by the OLT, an upstreamoptical signal sent by the registered ONU, the method further includes:determining, by the OLT, an optical power of the received upstreamoptical signal, and determining the power range within which the opticalpower of the upstream optical signal falls; and when a receive parameterassociated with the determined power range does not match the receiveparameter associated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstreamoptical signal, changing the receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier to the receive parameter associated with the determined powerrange.

The foregoing manner is used to update the stored associationrelationship between the ONU identifier and the receive parameter. Forsome special ONUs, for example, a downstream receive power of the ONUmay be low, but a transmitted upstream optical signal is relativelystrong, and a power at which the upstream optical signal reaches the OLTis relatively high. As a result, a power range corresponding to an ONUidentifier does not match the power at which the upstream optical signalsent by the ONU actually reaches the OLT. If the upstream optical signalis still received based on a receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier, overload of the OLT receiver is prone to occur. If theoverload of the receiver needs to be avoided, the correspondence betweenthe ONU identifier and the corresponding receive parameter needs to beupdated. To be specific, when the receive parameter associated with thepower range within which the upstream optical signal falls does notmatch the receive parameter associated with the ONU identifier indicatedin the upstream optical signal, the receive parameter associated withthe ONU identifier is changed to the receive parameter associated withthe determined power range.

In a possible design, after the receiving, by the unregistered ONU, thefirst message sent by the OLT, the method further includes: skippingsending, by the ONU, the registration message to the OLT whendetermining that the downstream receive power does not match any powerrange indicated in the first message. The ONU does not register when theONU does not meet a power condition indicated by the OLT, therebyensuring that ONU groups obtained through classification based on aregistration process are accurate.

For any ONU, after receiving one piece of first message, a downstreamreceive power of the ONU may not fall within a power range indicated inindication message. In this case, the ONU does not need to send aregistration message in a time range indicated in the first message. Theregistration message is sent in a corresponding time range only when apower range indicated in one piece of first message received by the ONUincludes the downstream receive power of the ONU.

On the basis of separately performing timeslot discovery grants andregistration in groups obtained through classification based on powerranges in the foregoing embodiment, the registration message is receivedbased on a receive parameter corresponding to each group, whichfacilitates expansion of an overall dynamic range of a receive power ofa burst signal whose access is allowed by the receiver. Specifically, iflink attenuation from some ONUs to the OLT is relatively large,downstream receive powers of these unregistered ONUs are relatively low,and signal strengths at which registration signals sent by theunregistered ONUs reach the OLT are correspondingly relatively weak; iflink attenuation from some ONUs to the OLT is relatively small,downstream receive powers of these unregistered ONUs are relativelyhigh, and signal strengths at which registration signals sent by theunregistered ONUs reach the OLT are correspondingly relatively strong.In this case, for the unregistered ONUs whose signal strengths at whichthe registration signals reach the OLT are relatively weak, receiveparameters corresponding to the unregistered ONUs are set to be larger;for the unregistered ONUs whose signal strengths at which theregistration signals reach the OLT are relatively strong, receiveparameters corresponding to the unregistered ONUs are set to be smaller.Compared with the prior art, the receiver can allow an ONU whosedownstream receive power is smaller to send a weaker registrationsignal, and allow an ONU whose downstream receive power is larger tosend a stronger registration signal. Therefore, the overall dynamicrange of the receive power of the receiver is expanded. Compared withthe prior art, because no additional component is added, low-cost andeasy-to-implement advantages are further achieved.

This application provides a PON system. A system architecture is shownin FIG. 1. The PON system includes an OLT and an ONU. The OLT sendsfirst message to the ONU, where the first message includes at least onepiece of indication message, and one piece of indication messageindicates a first power range and a first time range associated with thefirst power range. The ONU receives the first message sent by theoptical line terminal OLT, and sends a registration message to the OLTin the first time range based on the first message after determiningthat the ONU is unregistered and a downstream receive power falls withinthe first power range indicated in the indication message. The OLTreceives, in the first time range, the registration message sent by theONU.

Actions performed by the OLT and actions performed by the ONU are thesame as those in the foregoing embodiment. Details are not describedherein again.

Based on the foregoing embodiments, the following describes in detail aprocess of configuring, by the OLT before registration, power ranges,receive parameters of the power ranges, and grant timeslot messagecorresponding to the power ranges.

The inventors of the present invention find that a difference betweendownstream receive powers of different ONUs is mainly derived fromdifferent ODN insertion losses from the different ONUs to the OLT in thePON system and different insertion losses of optical networks betweenthe different ONUs and the OLT. For example, a dynamic range, specifiedin the GPON standard, of an ODN is 15 dB, and a dynamic range, specifiedin the EPON standard, of an ODN is 14 dB, which mean that an insertionloss of an optical network through which an ONU farthest from the OLTpasses is 15 dB or 14 dB larger than an insertion loss of an opticalnetwork through which an ONU closest to the OLT passes.

Therefore, before registration, the OLT may preset a plurality of ONUgroups based on a difference of downstream receive powers of all ONUs,and set a power range corresponding to each ONU group, and a receiveparameter corresponding to each ONU group. In both a GPON system and anEPON system, the OLT specifies a timeslot or a timeslot segment forregistration. Each unregistered ONU sends a registration signal based ona timeslot or a timeslot segment specified by the OLT for theunregistered ONU. Therefore, before registration, the OLT further needsto preset a grant timeslot segment corresponding to each ONU group.Then, by using a registration method procedure provided in thisembodiment of the present invention, different ONUs are classified intoONU groups, and a correspondence between each ONU identifier and thegrant timeslot segment, the power range, and the receive parameter thatcorrespond to each group is established.

The following describes, by using a specific example, a specific processof presetting, by the OLT before registration, a plurality of ONU groupsand setting a power range corresponding to each ONU group:

For example, the OLT may classify in advance ONUs into a plurality ofgroups (for example, four groups) based on ODN insertion losses of theONUs. For example, a first ONU group is an ONU whose ODN insertion lossis the largest, an ODN insertion loss of a second ONU group is secondonly to that of the first ONU group, and by analogy, an ODN insertionloss of a fourth ONU group is the smallest. All ONUs share a same OLTdownstream transmitter. Therefore, because the first ONU group has thelargest ODN insertion loss, a downstream optical signal that can bereceived by the ONU is the weakest, in other words, a downstream receivepower is the lowest. A downstream optical signal received by the secondONU group is slightly stronger, and by analogy, a downstream opticalsignal received by the fourth ONU group is the strongest, in otherwords, a downstream receive power is the highest. After the ONUs areclassified into the four groups, a power range of each ONU group is set.As shown in Table 4, a power range of the first ONU group is set to <P0,a power range of the second ONU group is set to P0-P1 (which may beequal to P0 or P1), a power range of the third ONU group is set to P1-P2(which may be equal to P2), and a power range of the fourth ONU group isset to >P2.

Optionally, an indication field value of each power range may be preseton the OLT side, to indicate each power range. As shown in Table 4,“100” is set to indicate the power range <P0, “101” is set to indicatethe power range P0-P1, “110” is set to indicate the power range P1-P2,and “111” is set to indicate the power range >P2.

TABLE 4 ONU group Indication field Grant timeslot Receive identifier ofpower range Power range segment parameter LLID-G1 100 <P0 T1 I1/V1LLID-G2 101 P0-P1 T2 I2/V2 LLID-G3 110 P1-P2 T3 I3/V3 LLID-G4 111 >P2 T4I4/V4

The following describes, by using a specific example, a specific processof presetting, by the OLT before registration, the receive parametercorresponding to each ONU group:

The receive parameter is mainly set to dynamically adjust the dynamicrange of the receive power of the OLT receiver. The inventors of thepresent invention find that a root cause of limitation on the dynamicrange of the receive power of the OLT receiver is that the amplifier hasa particular noise figure, to be specific, when the amplifier amplifiesa signal, a particular amount of noise is inevitably introduced, and asa result, a signal-to-noise ratio of a signal output from the amplifieris degraded. For example, in an existing process, a typical noise figureof the amplifier is usually 8 dB, in other words, a signal-to-noiseratio of a signal after the signal passes through the amplifier isusually 8 dB lower than a signal-to-noise ratio of the signal before thesignal is input to the amplifier. Therefore, if a receiver sensitivityof the receiver needs to be enhanced by 10 dB, the amplifier usuallyneeds to provide a gain of at least 18 dB, in other words, the amplifieramplifies an input optical signal by at least 18 dB. In this case, whena signal that enters the amplifier is slightly stronger, a power atwhich the signal reaches the photodetector through the amplifier is veryhigh, which causes overload of the photodetector, thereby limiting thedynamic range of the receive power of the entire receiver.

The inventors of the present invention further find that, to expand thedynamic range of the receive power of the OLT receiver with theamplifier, how to ensure that the photodetector located after theamplifier is not overloaded when a signal input to the amplifier isrelatively strong is a main problem to be resolved. When a signal inputto the amplifier is relatively weak, to enhance the sensitivity of theentire OLT receiver as much as possible, a bias current of the amplifiermay be set to a relatively high level, to ensure that the amplifierprovides a sufficiently high gain. However, when a signal input to theamplifier is strong, the amplifier does not need to provide a high gain,and the bias current of the amplifier may be reduced, so that a power ofa signal output from the amplifier to the photodetector is notexcessively large, thereby preventing overload of the receiver.

Therefore, the receive parameter may be set to the bias current of theamplifier. The inventors of the present invention have verified throughexperiment data that the dynamic range of the receive power of the OLTreceiver can be expanded by dynamically adjusting the bias current ofthe amplifier. Details are as follows:

As shown in (1) in FIG. 6a , FIG. 6b , FIG. 6c , and FIG. 6d , when anupstream optical signal sent by an ONU is weak when reaching the OLT,the bias current of the amplifier may be set to 120 mA. In this case,from a curve in which a power of a TP 2 node changes with an input powerof an amplifier SOA and a curve in which a power of a TP 3 node changeswith the input power of the amplifier, it can be learned that when thebias current of the amplifier is set to 120 mA, the sensitivity of thereceiver may be effectively enhanced to −32.3 dBm, in other words, aminimum power allowed to be input to the amplifier may be −32.3 dBm. Ifan overload power of the photodetector is −4 dBm, when the photodetectoris not overloaded, a maximum power allowed to be input to the amplifieris −22 dB.

As shown in (2) in FIG. 6a , FIG. 6b , FIG. 6c , and FIG. 6d , when anupstream optical signal sent by an ONU is slightly stronger whenreaching the OLT, the bias current of the amplifier may be set to 100mA. In this case, from a curve in which the power of the TP 2 nodechanges with a power (the input power of the amplifier SOA) of a TP 1node and a curve in which the power of the TP 3 node changes with thepower of the TP 1 node, it can be learned that when the bias current ofthe amplifier is set to 100 mA, the sensitivity of the receiver is −31.4dBm, in other words, a minimum power allowed to be input to theamplifier is −31.4 dBm. When the photodetector is not overloaded, amaximum power allowed to be input to the amplifier is 19.8 dBm.

As shown in (3) in FIG. 6a , FIG. 6b , FIG. 6c , and FIG. 6d , when anupstream optical signal sent by an ONU is further stronger when reachingthe OLT, the bias current of the amplifier may be set to 80 mA. In thiscase, from the curve in which the power of the TP 2 node changes withthe input power of the amplifier SOA and the curve in which the power ofthe TP 3 node changes with the input power of the amplifier, it can belearned that when the bias current of the amplifier is set to 80 mA, thesensitivity of the receiver may be effectively enhanced to −30.2 dBm, inother words, a minimum power allowed to be input to the amplifier is−30.2 dBm. When the photodetector is not overloaded, a maximum powerallowed to be input to the amplifier is −16.8 dBm.

As shown in (4) in FIG. 6a , FIG. 6b , FIG. 6c , and FIG. 6d , when anoptical signal sent by an ONU to the OLT is quite strong, the biascurrent of the amplifier may be set to 60 mA. In this case, from thecurve in which the power of the TP 2 node changes with the input powerof the amplifier SOA and the curve in which the power of the TP 3 nodechanges with the input power of the amplifier SOA, it can be learnedthat when the bias current of the amplifier is set to 60 mA, thesensitivity of the receiver may be effectively enhanced to −27.7 dBm, inother words, a minimum power allowed to be input to the amplifier is−27.7 dBm. When the photodetector is not overloaded, a maximum powerallowed to be input to the amplifier is −11.2 dBm.

When the receive parameter is the bias current of the amplifier, areceive parameter of the first ONU group is set to 11, a receiveparameter of the second ONU group is set to 12, a receive parameter ofthe third ONU group is set to 13, and a receive parameter of the fourthONU group is set to 4, where I1>I2>I3>I4.

Optionally, when I1=120 mA, I2=100 mA, I3=80 mA, and I4=60 mA, as shownin Table 5, when the receiver is not overloaded, the minimum power (theminimum power of the TP 1 node) allowed to be input to the amplifier is−32.3 dBm, the maximum power (the minimum power of the TP 2 node)allowed to be input to the amplifier is −11.2 dBm, and the dynamic rangeof the receive power of the OLT receiver may be expanded to 21.1 dB.

TABLE 5 Minimum Maximum Dynamic power power (dBm) Overload range (dB) ofBias current (dBm) allowed allowed to be power receive (mA) of to beinput to input to head (dBm) of power of amplifier head amplifieramplifier photodetector receiver 120 −32.3 −22 −4 10.3 100 −31.4 −19.8−4 12.5 80 −30.2 −16.8 −4 15.5 60 −77.7 −11.2 −4 21.1

Certainly, values of I1, I2, I3, and I4 are not limited to the foregoingexamples. Based on an inventive concept of this embodiment of thepresent invention, values of a plurality of groups of I1, I2, I3, and I4may be obtained with reference to different experiment conditions, toexpand the dynamic range of the receive power of the OLT receiver.

Certainly, in addition to the bias current of the amplifier, a reversebias voltage of the photodetector may also be used as a receiveparameter. For example, when an input optical signal is weak, thereverse bias voltage of the photodetector is set to be relatively high,to ensure a sufficiently high gain. Likewise, when an input opticalsignal is strong, the reverse bias voltage of the photodetector is setto be low, to protect the photodetector from being overloaded, therebyexpanding the dynamic range of the receive power of the receiver withthe head amplifier on the OLT side.

Correspondingly, when the receive parameter is the reverse bias voltageof the photodetector, as shown in Table 4, a receive parameter of thefirst ONU group is set to V1, a receive parameter of the second ONUgroup is set to V2, a receive parameter of the third ONU group is set toV3, and a receive parameter of the fourth ONU group is set to V4, whereV1>V2>V3>V4.

The following describes, by using a specific example, a specific processof presetting, by the OLT before registration, the grant timeslotsegment corresponding to each ONU group:

As shown in Table 4, a grant timeslot segment of the first ONU group isT1, a grant timeslot segment of the second ONU group is T2, a granttimeslot segment of the third ONU group is T3, and a grant timeslotsegment of the fourth ONU group is T4. Time ranges corresponding to T1,T2, T3, and T4 are different from each other in time domain, and thetime ranges corresponding to T1, T2, T3, and T4 may occupy one or moretimeslots, or may occupy a time resource element less than one timeslot,for example, a time range less than 14 symbols. The time rangescorresponding to T1, T2, T3, and T4 may be adjacent, may be partiallyadjacent, or may not be adjacent to each other.

It should be noted that the time ranges corresponding to T1, T2, T3, andT4 belong to a quiet time window. To be specific, each time range forregistration is in a time period in which a registered ONU does notcommunicate with the OLT.

After the OLT presets the plurality of ONU groups, and sets the powerrange corresponding to each ONU group, the receive parametercorresponding to each ONU group, and the grant timeslot segmentcorresponding to each ONU group, the OLT may send a registrationnotification message to an ONU by using a MAC layer.

Optionally, the OLT may send the registration notification message tothe ONU based on an indication field of a power range shown in Table 6or Table 7. A difference is that the indication field of the power rangein Table 6 is identification message corresponding to the power range,and the indication field of the power range in Table 7 is power rangemessage.

TABLE 6 ONU group Indication field of Grant timeslot identifier powerrange segment LLID-G1 100 T1 LLID-G2 101 T2 LLID-G3 110 T3 LLID-G4 111T4

TABLE 7 ONU group Indication field of Grant timeslot identifier powerrange segment LLID-G1 <P0 T1 LLID-G2 P0-P1 T2 LLID-G3 P1-P2 T3LLID-G4 >P2 T4

In the EPON system, a message structure of the sent registrationnotification message is an MPCP frame. A preamble of the MPCP frame mayinclude an identifier of an ONU group, and a Discovery GATE messagefield in a data/pad field of the MPCP frame may include fields such asDiscovery message, a quantity of grant timeslots, a start time, and atimeslot length. The Discovery message field specifically indicates apower range. The fields: the quantity of grant timeslots, the starttime, and the timeslot length specifically indicate a grant timeslotsegment associated with the power range.

In the prior art, all ONUs register in one grant timeslot segment, and aDiscovery GATE message field indicates only one grant timeslot segment,and does not indicate message related to the power range. Compared withthe prior art, in the present invention, the foregoing indication fieldof the power range is added in the Discovery GATE message field, and isassociated with an indication field that indicates the grant timeslotsegment, and this indication field is used to indicate the power range.

Optionally, one registration notification message may indicate a powerrange and a grant timeslot segment that correspond to one ONU group. TheOLT may successively send four registration notification messages toseparately indicate power ranges and grant timeslot segments thatrespectively correspond to the four ONU groups.

Using an indication manner shown in Table 6 as an example, when oneregistration notification message indicates the power range and thegrant timeslot segment of the first ONU group, one piece of indicationmessage of the Discovery GATE message field of the MPCP frame separatelyindicates the identification message “100” of the power range and thegrant timeslot segment “T1” that correspond to the first ONU group.Optionally, the preamble of the MPCP frame may further indicate anidentifier LLID-G1 of the first ONU group.

Correspondingly, when one registration notification message indicatesthe power range and the grant timeslot segment of the second ONU group,one piece of indication message of the Discovery GATE message field ofthe MPCP frame separately indicates the identification message “101” ofthe power range and the grant timeslot segment “T2” that correspond tothe second ONU group. Optionally, the preamble of the MPCP frame mayfurther indicate an identifier LLID-G2 of the second ONU group.

Correspondingly, when one registration notification message indicatesthe power range and the grant timeslot segment of the third ONU group,one piece of indication message of the Discovery GATE message field ofthe MPCP frame separately indicates the identification message “110” ofthe power range and the grant timeslot segment “T3” that correspond tothe third ONU group. Optionally, the preamble of the MPCP frame mayfurther indicate an identifier LLID-G3 of the third ONU group.

Correspondingly, when one registration notification message indicatesthe power range and the grant timeslot segment of the fourth ONU group,one piece of indication message of the Discovery GATE message field ofthe MPCP frame separately indicates the identification message “111” ofthe power range and the grant timeslot segment “T4” that correspond tothe fourth ONU group. Optionally, the preamble of the MPCP frame mayfurther indicate an identifier LLID-G4 of the fourth ONU group.

Optionally, one registration notification message may alternativelyindicate the power ranges and the grant timeslot segments thatrespectively correspond to the four ONU groups. The OLT may send oneregistration notification message to indicate the power ranges and thegrant timeslot segments that respectively correspond to the four ONUgroups, where a power range and a grant timeslot segment that correspondto one ONU group are indicated by using one piece of indication message.

Using an indication manner shown in Table 5 as an example, when oneregistration notification message indicates the power ranges and thegrant timeslot segments that respectively correspond to the four ONUgroups, the Discovery GATE message field of the MPCP frame includes fourpairs of mutually associated indication message. A first piece ofindication message separately indicates the identification message “100”of the power range and the grant timeslot segment “T1” that correspondto the first ONU group; a second piece of indication message separatelyindicates the identification message “101” of the power range and thegrant timeslot segment “T2” that correspond to the second ONU group; athird piece of indication message separately indicates theidentification message “110” of the power range and the grant timeslotsegment “T3” that correspond to the third ONU group; and a fourth pieceof indication message separately indicates the identification message“111” of the power range and the grant timeslot segment “T4” thatcorrespond to the fourth ONU group.

Optionally, to distinguish between indication message for different ONUgroups, the four pieces of indication message may be sequentiallyarranged in the Discovery GATE message field through concatenation.

Optionally, to distinguish between indication message for different ONUgroups, the identifiers of the four ONU groups may be separatelyindicated in the preamble of the MPCP frame, and then the four pieces ofindication message are sequentially arranged in the Discovery GATEmessage field through concatenation. A concatenation index may be anidentifier of an ONU group.

In the following, for example, one registration notification message mayindicate a power range and a grant timeslot segment that correspond toone ONU group. An embodiment of the present invention provides aregistration procedure in an EPON system. As shown in FIG. 7a and FIG.7b , the registration procedure specifically includes the followingsteps.

Step 1: An OLT broadcasts a first registration notification message toan ONU in a first time period by using a MAC instruction. The firstregistration notification message includes a first piece of indicationmessage indicating a first time range and a first power range that areassociated. Specifically, the first piece of indication messageindicates an unregistered ONU whose downstream receive power fallswithin the first power range (<P0) to send a registration signal to theOLT in the first time range (the grant timeslot segment T1).

The OLT generates the first registration notification message beforesending the registration notification message. Specifically, for thefirst ONU group, the OLT sets an indication field of a power range of aDiscovery GATE message of the first registration notification message to“100” based on an association relationship between the first power range(<P0) and the first time range (the grant timeslot segment T) in Table4, and sets an indication field of a grant timeslot segment of theDiscovery GATE message to indication message (including a quantity ofgrant timeslots, a start time, and a timeslot length) corresponding toT1. The OLT broadcasts the first registration notification message tothe ONU by using the MAC instruction.

Step 2: An unregistered ONU detects a downstream receive power of theunregistered ONU when receiving the first registration notificationmessage from the OLT; and sends a registration signal to the OLT in thefirst time range (the grant timeslot segment T1) if the detecteddownstream receive power falls within the first power range (<P0); orcontinues to wait if the detected downstream receive power does not fallwithin the first power range (<P0).

Specifically, the unregistered ONU detects the downstream receive powerof the unregistered ONU after receiving the Discovery GATE message; andsends a registration message (or a registration request message) to theOLT in the first grant timeslot segment T1 if the downstream receivepower of the unregistered ONU is relatively low (<P0); or continues towait if the downstream receive power of the unregistered ONU does notfall within the range being less than P0, and until a power rangeindicated in an indication field of a power range of a Discovery GATEmessage of a registration notification message sent by the OLT matchesthe downstream receive power of the unregistered ONU, sends aregistration message to the OLT in a grant timeslot segmentcorresponding to the unregistered ONU.

A registered ONU does not respond after receiving the Discovery GATEmessage.

Step 3: The OLT broadcasts a second registration notification message toan ONU in a second time period by using a MAC instruction. The secondregistration notification message includes a second piece of indicationmessage indicating a second time range and a second power range that areassociated. Specifically, the indication message indicates anunregistered ONU whose downstream receive power falls within the secondpower range (P0-P1) to send a registration signal to the OLT in thesecond time range (the grant timeslot segment T2).

The OLT generates the second registration notification message beforesending the registration notification message. Specifically, for thesecond ONU group, the OLT sets an indication field of a power range of aDiscovery GATE message of the second registration notification messageto “101” based on a correspondence between the second power range(P0-P1) and the second time range (the grant timeslot segment T2) inTable 4, and sets an indication field of a grant timeslot segment of theDiscovery GATE message to indication message (including a quantity ofgrant timeslots, a start time, and a timeslot length) corresponding toT2.

Step 4: An unregistered ONU detects a downstream receive power of theunregistered ONU when receiving the second registration notificationmessage from the OLT; and sends a registration signal to the OLT in thesecond time range (the grant timeslot segment T2) if the detecteddownstream receive power falls within the second power range (P0-P1); orcontinues to wait if the detected downstream receive power does not fallwithin the second power range (P0-P1). The ONU in this step is anyunregistered ONU.

Step 5: The OLT broadcasts a third registration notification message toan ONU in a third time period. The third registration notificationmessage includes a third piece of indication message indicating a thirdtime range and a third power range that are associated. Specifically,the indication message indicates an unregistered ONU whose downstreamreceive power falls within the third power range (P1-P2) to send aregistration signal to the OLT in the third time range (the granttimeslot segment T3).

The OLT generates the third registration notification message beforesending the third registration notification message. Specifically, forthe third ONU group, the OLT sets an indication field of a power rangeof a Discovery GATE message of the registration notification message to“110” based on a correspondence between the third power range (P1-P2)and the third time range (the grant timeslot segment T3) in Table 4, andsets an indication field of a grant timeslot segment of the DiscoveryGATE message to indication message (including a quantity of granttimeslots, a start time, and a timeslot length) corresponding to T3.

Step 6: An unregistered ONU detects a downstream receive power of theunregistered ONU when receiving the third registration notificationmessage from the OLT; and sends a registration signal to the OLT in thethird time range (the grant timeslot segment T3) if the detecteddownstream receive power falls within the third power range (P1-P2); orcontinues to wait if the detected downstream receive power does not fallwithin the third power range (P1-P2).

Step 7: The OLT broadcasts a fourth registration notification message toan ONU in a fourth time period. The fourth registration notificationmessage includes a fourth piece of indication message indicating afourth time range and a fourth power range that are associated.Specifically, the indication message indicates an unregistered ONU whosedownstream receive power falls within the fourth power range (>P2) tosend a registration signal to the OLT in the fourth time range (thegrant timeslot segment T4).

The OLT generates the fourth registration notification message beforesending the fourth registration notification message. Specifically, forthe fourth ONU group, the OLT sets an indication field of a power rangeof a Discovery GATE message of the registration notification message to“111” based on a correspondence between the fourth power range (>P2) andthe fourth time range (the grant timeslot segment T4), and sets anindication field of a grant timeslot segment of the Discovery GATEmessage to indication message (including a quantity of grant timeslots,a start time, and a timeslot length) corresponding to T4.

Step 8: An unregistered ONU detects a downstream receive power of theunregistered ONU when receiving the fourth registration notificationmessage from the OLT; and sends a registration signal to the OLT in thefourth time range (the grant timeslot segment T4) if the detecteddownstream receive power falls within the fourth power range (>P2); orcontinues to wait if the detected downstream receive power does not fallwithin the fourth power range (>P2).

Step 9: The OLT receives the registration signal from the unregisteredONU in the first time range (the grant timeslot segment T1) based on areceive parameter I1, assigns an ONU identifier to each ONU registeredin the grant timeslot segment T1, sends the ONU identifier assigned toeach ONU to each ONU registered in the grant timeslot segment T1, and ifONU identifiers of ONUs registered in the first time range aresequentially an LLID 01, an LLID 02, . . . , and an LLID 0N, establishesan association relationship between the ONU identifiers LLID 01 to LLID0N and the receive parameter I1. Optionally, the ONUs respectivelyidentified by the LLID 01 to the LLID 0N are in the first ONU group, andone ONU logical identifier may be further assigned to the first ONUgroup.

In step 9, the OLT first adjusts the receive parameter, which isspecifically as follows: In the grant timeslot segment T1, throughcircuit control of an OLT optical module, a bias current of an amplifieris set to be the largest (I1), or a reverse bias voltage of aphotodetector is set to be the highest (V1).

Step 10: The OLT receives the registration signal from the unregisteredONU in the second time range (the grant timeslot segment T2) based on areceive parameter I2, assigns an ONU identifier to each ONU registeredin the second time range, sends the ONU identifier assigned to each ONUto each ONU registered in the second time range, and if ONU identifiersof ONUs registered in the second time range are sequentially an LLID 11,an LLID 12, . . . , and an LLID 1N, establishes an associationrelationship between the ONU identifiers LLID 11 to LLID 1N and thereceive parameter I2.

Optionally, the ONUs respectively identified by the LLID 11 to the LLID1N are in the second ONU group, and one ONU logical identifier may befurther assigned to the second ONU group.

In step 10, the OLT first adjusts the receive parameter, which isspecifically as follows: In the grant timeslot segment T2, throughcircuit control of the OLT optical module, the bias current of theamplifier is set to 12, or the reverse bias voltage of the photodetectoris set to V2.

Step 11: The OLT receives the registration signal from the unregisteredONU in the third time range based on a receive parameter I3, assigns anONU identifier to each ONU registered in the third time range, sends theONU identifier assigned to each ONU to each ONU registered in the thirdtime range, and if ONU identifiers of ONUs registered in the third timerange are sequentially an LLID 21, an LLID 22, . . . , and an LLID 2N,establishes an association relationship between the ONU identifiers LLID21 to LLID 2N and the receive parameter I3.

Optionally, the ONUs respectively identified by the LLID 21 to the LLID2N are in the third ONU group, and one ONU logical identifier may befurther assigned to the third ONU group.

In step 11, the OLT first adjusts the receive parameter, which isspecifically as follows: In the grant timeslot segment T3, throughcircuit control of the OLT optical module, the bias current of theamplifier is set to 13, or the reverse bias voltage of the photodetectoris set to V3.

Step 12: The OLT receives the registration signal from the unregisteredONU in the fourth time range based on a receive parameter I4, assigns anONU identifier to each ONU registered in the fourth time range, sendsthe ONU identifier assigned to each ONU to each ONU registered in thefourth time range, and if ONU identifiers of ONUs registered in thefourth time range are sequentially an LLID 31, an LLID 32, . . . , andan LLID 3N, establishes an association relationship between the ONUidentifiers LLID 31 to LLID 3N and the receive parameter I4.

Optionally, the ONUs respectively identified by the LLID 31 to the LLID3N are in the fourth ONU group, and one ONU logical identifier may alsobe assigned to the fourth ONU group.

In step 12, the OLT first adjusts the receive parameter, which isspecifically as follows: In the grant timeslot segment T4, throughcircuit control of the OLT optical module, the bias current of theamplifier is set to 14, or the reverse bias voltage of the photodetectoris set to V4.

In the foregoing steps, after all ONUs are registered, the OLT marks andclassifies ONUs whose downstream receive powers are different, where theregistered ONUs are classified into different groups.

Optionally, in addition to the foregoing group classification mannerprovided in the foregoing embodiment, the OLT may measure a strength ofan optical signal (preferably a registration signal or an upstreamoptical signal) from each ONU to the OLT, to classify the ONUs intodifferent ONU groups. For example, based on power intensities ofreceived optical signals from different ONUs, the ONUs are classifiedinto three groups g1, g2, and g3, where a power of the g1 group is thelowest, a power of the g2 group is the second, and a power of the g3group is the highest. Then, in a timeslot in which data sent by an ONUin the g1 group reaches the OLT, the bias current of the amplifier isset to be the largest (for example, 11), or the reverse bias voltage ofthe photodetector is set to be the highest (for example, V). In atimeslot in which data sent by an ONU in the g3 group reaches the OLT,the bias current of the amplifier is set to be the smallest (forexample, I3), or the reverse bias voltage of the photodetector is set tobe the lowest (for example, V3). (Likewise, it is still assumed thatI1>I2>I3 and V1>V2>V3).

After registration is completed, for upstream transmission of aregistered ONU, in both a GPON system and an EPON system, the registeredONU sends an upstream optical signal based on a timeslot or a timeslotsegment that is specified by an OLT. In the prior art, the OLT receives,based on a fixed receive parameter, upstream optical signals sent bydifferent ONUs. Compared with the prior art, in this embodiment of thepresent invention, the OLT receives, based on a receive parametercorresponding to an ONU group, an upstream optical signal sent by aregistered ONU belonging to each ONU group.

For the registered ONU, this embodiment of the present invention furtherprovides a method procedure for sending an upstream optical signal. Asshown in FIG. 8, the method procedure mainly includes the followingsteps.

Step 21: The OLT broadcasts a grant message to a registered first ONU.The grant message includes one piece of indication message indicating anONU identifier and grant timeslot segment message that are associated.Specifically, an ONU identifier of the first ONU and grant timeslotsegment message associated with the ONU identifier of the first ONU areindicated. The first ONU is any one of registered ONUs.

Before the broadcasting, by the OLT, a grant message to a registeredfirst ONU, the method procedure further includes: generating, by theOLT, the grant message sent to the first ONU.

Using the EPON system as an example, the grant message may be an MPCPframe. A preamble of the MPCP frame may be used to indicate the ONUidentifier of the first ONU, and a Discovery GATE message field of theMPCP frame may be used to indicate the grant timeslot segment messagefor sending an upstream optical signal by the first ONU.

Step 22: The first ONU receives the grant message sent by the OLT, andobtains the grant timeslot segment message in a Discovery GATE messagefield based on the ONU identifier of the first ONU.

Step 23: The first ONU sends an upstream optical signal to the OLT in atime range corresponding to the grant timeslot segment message.

Step 24: The OLT obtains, in a grant timeslot segment configured for thefirst ONU, a receive parameter associated with the ONU identifier of thefirst ONU, and receives, based on the receive parameter, the upstreamoptical signal sent by the first ONU.

Specifically, after all ONUs are registered, the OLT stores acorrespondence between each receive parameter and an ONU identifier of aregistered ONU in each ONU group. The OLT obtains, according to anassociation relationship between grant timeslot message corresponding tothe current grant timeslot segment and the ONU identifier and anassociation relationship between the ONU identifier and the receiveparameter, the receive parameter associated with the ONU identifier.

In the foregoing method procedure, the OLT may indicate, in one grantmessage, grant timeslot message for separately sending an upstreamoptical signal by a plurality of ONUs, provided that ONU identifiers areassociated with corresponding indication message. This is similar to aregistration process, and details are not described herein again.

Optionally, to avoid frequent switching of the OLT between receiveparameters, the OLT may further configure together grant timeslotsegments in which registered ONUs in each ONU group send upstreamoptical signals, so that the upstream optical signals sent by theregistered ONUs in each ONU group can be concentrated in one timeperiod.

For the GPON series, a registration process and a principle of sendingupstream data are the same as those in the EPON system in the foregoingembodiment, where timeslot discovery grants are performed based ondifferent power strengths of ONUs for registration. After the ONUs areregistered, the ONUs are easy to mark and group based on receive powersof the ONUs. For an ONU whose power is high, a bias current of an SOA ora reverse bias voltage of an APD is set to be the smallest in a timeslotin which a signal reaches the OLT, and for an ONU whose power isrelatively low, the bias current of the SOA or the bias voltage of theAPD is set to be the largest. The only difference is that messagestructures are different. Specifically, for the GPON series, aregistration notification message broadcast by the OLT is a downstreamGTC frame (refer to Table 15, FIG. 5a , and FIG. 5b ), the GTC frameincludes a BWmap message field, the BWmap message field includesindication message of a first power range and a first time rangeassociated with the first power range, an indication field of the firstpower range is included in an extended Alloc-ID field, and an indicationfield of the first time range associated with the first power range isincluded in an SStart field and an SStop field. For the grant messagethat is broadcast by the OLT and that indicates grant timeslot messagefor sending an upstream optical signal, a message structure of the grantmessage is also a downstream GTC frame, an ONU identifier and a secondtime range associated with the ONU identifier may also be included in aBWmap message field, the ONU identifier is included in an extendedAlloc-ID field, and the second time range associated with the ONUidentifier is included in an SStart field and an SStop field. Inaddition, when an ONU sends a registration signal, or sends an upstreamoptical signal, an upstream GTC frame is used. For a message structureof the upstream GTC frame, refer to Table 16, FIG. 13, and FIG. 14.Specific content is the same as that in the prior art, and details arenot described herein.

In this embodiment of the present invention, windows are separatelyopened for registration for ONUs whose downstream receive powerintensities are different, and the ONUs whose power strengths aredifferent are marked and grouped. Different registration timeslots anddifferent receive parameters such as a bias current of an amplifier, areverse bias voltage of a photodetector, or light attenuation betweenthe amplifier and the photodetector are set for different groups.Registration signals or upstream optical signals are received based onreceive parameters of different groups. Therefore, a problem that adynamic range of a receive power of an OLT receiver for a burst signalis limited is effectively resolved without additionally increasing costsof the receiver.

TABLE 8-1 (Discovery GATE discovery message field) Bit Flag field Value0 Reserved Ignored on reception 1 OLT is 10G 0-OLT does not support 10Gb/s reception upstream 1-OLT supports 10 Gb/s reception capable 2 OLTis 25G 0-OLT does not support 25 Gb/s reception upstream 1-OLT supports25 Gb/s reception capable 3-4 Reserved Ignored on reception 5 OLT is0-OLT cannot receive 10 Gb/s data in this window opening 10G 1-OLT canreceive 10 Gb/s data in this window discovery window 6 OLT is 0-OLTcannot receive 25 Gb/s data in this window opening 25G 1-OLT can receive25 Gb/s data in this window discovery window 7-9 Indication of 000:Registration for ONUs at all power levels receive 001: ONU registrationfor ONU power whose downstream intensity of ONU receiver receive poweris less than PI 010: ONU registration for ONU whose downstream receiverreceive power is greater than PI 100: ONU registration for ONU whosedownstream receiver receive power is less than PO 101: ONU registrationfor ONU whose downstream receiver receive power is greater than PO andless than P1 110: ONU registration for ON whose downstream receiverreceive power is greater than PI and less than P2 111: ONU registrationfor ONU whose downstream receiver receive power is greater than P2 (P0 <P1 < P2) 10-15 Reserved Ignored on reception

TABLE 8-2 (MPCP frame format) DA  6 bytes MAC-Control or address of0x0180c2000001 receiving device SA  6 bytes Address of OLT or ONU L/T  2bytes If L/T is less than 0x600, 0x8808 L/T is length of data field; ifL/T is greater than or equal to 0x600, L/T is type of control frameOpcode  2 bytes Opcode is used to identify type of MPCP frame, anddifferent values of opcode indicate different types of MPCP framesContent 44 bytes Parameter + pad part (filled with 0)

TABLE 9 (Grant frame GATE) DA 6 bytes SA 6 bytes UT 2 bytes 0x8808Opcode 2 bytes 0x2 Timestamp 4 bytes Transmit moment Timestamp ofMPCP-PDU, namely, value of localTime when MPCP-PDU is sent, is endedonly by MAC CONTROL, and is invisible to upper layer Quantity of 3 bitsQuantity of grants 0-4, where 0 means that grants only timestamp istransmitted Discovery 1 bit 0_Normal GATE, where unicast LLID is used1_Discovery GATE, where only one grant is sent and broadcast LLID isused Force Report 1 bit Request ONU to 0_No request Grant 1 send REPORT1_Send REPORT corresponding in time window to grant sequence indicatedin Grant 1 Force Report 1 bit number 0_No request Grant 2 1_Send REPORTin time window indicated in Grant 2 Force Report 1 bit 0_No requestGrant 3 1_Send REPORT in time window indicated in Grant 3 Force Report 1bit 0_No request Grant 4 1_Send REPORT in time window indicated in Grant4 Grant 1 start 4 bytes Grant set time Optional, where Grant 1 2 bytesexistence or not length depends on a Grant 2 start 4 bytes value ofquantity of time grants Grant 2 4 bytes Length includes lengthlaserOnTime, Grant 3 start 4 bytes syncTime, time and laserOffTime, inGrant 3 2 bytes unit of time_qantum length Start time of current Grant 4start 4 bytes grant should be later time than start time of Grant 4 2bytes previous one length Sync Time 2 bytes Time required bysynchronization of OLT receiver (including PMD, PMA, and PCS), where ONUsends IDLE codeword pair during synchronization Valid only in discoveryGATE, in unit of time_quantum Pad 13-39 0 bytes

TABLE 10 (Report frame REPORT) DA 6 bytes SA 6 bytes UT 2 bytes 0x8808Opcode 2 bytes 0x3 Timestamp 4 bytes Transmit moment of MPCP-PDU,namely, value of localTime when MPCP-PDU is sent, is ended only by MACCONTROL, and is invisible to upper layer Quantity of 1 byte Quantity ofsets 0-13 queue sets including Report bitmap and a plurality of queuesQueue0 flag 1 bit Report bitmap 0_There is no report for this queue1_There is report for this queue Queue1 flag 1 bit 0_There is no reportfor this queue 1_There is report for this queue Queue2 flag 1 bit0_There is no report for this queue 1_There is report for this queueQueue3 flag 1 bit 0_There is no report for this queue 1_There is reportfor this queue Queue4 flag 1 bit 0_There is no report for this queue1_There is report for this queue Queue5 flag 1 bit 0_There is no reportfor this queue 1_There is report for this queue Queue6 flag 1 bit0_There is no report for this queue 1_There is report for this queueQueue7 flag 1 bit 0_There is no report for this queue 1_There is reportfor this queue Queue0 2 bytes Length of Queue Report n may be adjustedQueue1 2 bytes based on frame Report range and Queue2 2 bytes FECoverheads, Report in unit of Queue3 2 bytes time_quantum ReportExistence or not is Queue4 2 bytes determined by Report Report bitmapQueue5 2 bytes Report Queue6 2 bytes Report Queue7 2 bytes Report Pad0-39 0 bytes

TABLE 11 (REGISTER_REQ) DA  6 bytes SA  6 bytes L/T  2 bytes 0x8808Opcode  2 bytes 0x4 Timestamp  4 bytes Transmit moment of TimestampMPCP-PDU, namely, value of localTime when MPCP-PDU is sent, is endedonly by MAC CONTROL, and is invisible to upper layer Flags  1 byte1_Register: ONU registration attempt 3_Deregister: ONU requestsre-registration, and OLT will unbind address from LLID Pending  1 byteMaximum quantity of grants pending grants that can be cached Pad 38bytes 0

TABLE 12 (REGISTER) DA  6 bytes Unicast address of ONU SA  6 bytes L/T 2 bytes 0x8808 Opcode  2 bytes 0x5 Timestamp  4 bytes Transmit momentof Timestamp MPCP-PDU, namely, value of localTime when MPCP-PDU is sent,is ended only by MAC CONTROL, and is invisible to upper layer Assigned 2 bytes LLID port Flags  1 byte 1_Reregister: OLT requires ONU tore-register 2_Deregister: Request to release LLID and unbind boundaddress 4_Ack: Succeed in requesting registration 5_Nack: Upper layerrejects re-registration Sync Time  2 bytes Time required bysynchronization of OLT receiver (including PMD, PMA, and PCS), where ONUsends IDLE codeword pair during synchronization Echoed  1 byte pendinggrants Pad 34 bytes

TABLE 13 (REGISTER_ACK) DA  6 bytes Unicast address of OLT SA  6 bytesL/T  2 bytes 0x8808 Opcode  2 bytes 0x6 Timestamp  4 bytes Transmitmoment of Timestamp MPCP-PDU, namely, value of localTime when MPCP-PDUis sent, is ended only by MAC CONTROL, and is invisible to upper layerFlags  1 byte 1_Ack: Re-registration success acknowledgment 0_Nack:Upper layer rejects re-registration Echoed  2 bytes assigned port Echoed 2 bytes Sync Time Pad 35 bytes

TABLE 14 (Indicator value of Alloc-ID) Alloc-ID Designation Comment 0 .. . 1018 Default Default Alloc-ID, which is implicitly assigned with,and is equal to, ONU-ID 1019 Broadcast ONU whose downstream receiverreceive power is less than P0 1020 Broadcast ONU whose downstreamreceiver receive power is less than than P0 and less than P1 1021Broadcast ONU whose downstream receiver receive power is less than thanP1 and less than P2 1022 Broadcast ONU whose downstream receiver receivepower is less than than P2 1023 Broadcast ONUs at all power levels 1024. . . 1638 Assignable If more than one single Alloc-ID is needed 3 forONU, OLT assigns additional Alloc-IDs to that ONU by selecting uniquenumber from this range and communicating it to ONU using Assign_Alloc-IDPLOAM message

TABLE 15 (Message structure of downstream CTC frame) Psync For framedelimitation Ident PLOAMd PLOAM message BIP Carried bit interleavedparity message covers all transmission bytes after previous BIP Receiveend should calculate bit interleaved parity values of all received bytesafter previous BIP, and compare them with received BIP value, to measurequantity of errors on link Plend Plen: Value is N in unit of 8 bytes,indicating length of US BWmap CRC: Receive end decodes two Plend fields,and uses, based on an output result of CRC-8 detection procedure. Plendfield of best quality. Quality levels are sorted from high to low asfollows: no error, correctable single error, and uncorrectable error.When the two Plend fields each have uncorrectable error, or havecorrectable single errors with different values, this frame is discardedbecause there may be a plurality of errors that cannot be detected USAlloc-ID: BWmap Globally unique 0 to 253 are used as first Alloc-IDassigned to ONU by default, are used to identify ONU, and may carryPLOAM, OMCI stream, and user data stream (optional) 254 is ONUactivation ID used to discover unknown ONU by using request serialnumber 255 is used for downstream broadcast address and upstream addressof ONU to which ONU ID is not assigned 256 to 4095 are assigned todistribution unit in ONU Flags: Bit 0 to bit 6 are reserved PayloadIncluding a plurality Payload length is determined by PLI of GEM framesof different lengths

TABLE 16 (Message structure of upstream GTC frame PLOu Preamble,preamble Format is set by OLT by Physical Delimiter, delimiterdelivering Layer specific PLOAM message Overhead BIP Carried bitinterleaved parity upstream message (exclusive OR) covers all bytesafter BIP in previous burst of ONU. OLT receiver calculates currentburst BIP and compares it with BIP received in next burst, to measurequantity of errors on link ONU-ID Ind Bit 0 to bit 4 are reserved PLOAMuPLOAM message Payload Including a plurality of Payload length isdetermined GEM frames of different by PLI lengths. For structure of GEMframe, refer to FIG. 15

Based on a same inventive concept, FIG. 16 shows an apparatus 1600provided in an embodiment of this application, including at least oneprocessor 161, a communications bus 162, a memory 163, and at least onecommunications interface 164. The apparatus 1600 may be the OLT in theembodiments of this application, or may be the ONU in the embodiments ofthis application. The apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform themessage transmission method in a PON system that is provided in theembodiments of this application.

The processor 161 may be a general-purpose central processing unit(CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit(application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC), or one or moreintegrated circuits configured to control program execution of thesolutions of this application.

The communications bus 162 may include a channel, to transfer messagebetween the foregoing components. The communications interface 164 mayuse any apparatus such as a transceiver to communicate with anotherdevice or a communications network such as the Ethernet, a radio accessnetwork (RAN), or a wireless local area network (wireless local areanetwork, WLAN).

The memory 163 may be a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) oranother type of static storage device capable of storing static messageand an instruction, or a random access memory (random access memory.RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device capable of storingmessage and an instruction; or may be an electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (electrically erasable programmableread-only memory, EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (compact discread-only memory, CD-ROM) or another compact disc storage, optical discstorage (including a compact disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, adigital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, and the like), a magnetic diskstorage medium or another magnetic storage device, or any other mediumthat can carry or store expected program code in an instruction or datastructure form and that can be accessed by using the apparatus; but isnot limited thereto. The memory may exist independently, and isconnected to the processor by using a bus. Alternatively, the memory maybe integrated with the processor.

The memory 163 is configured to store application program code used toperform the solutions of this application, and the execution iscontrolled by using the processor 161. The processor 161 is configuredto execute the application program code stored in the memory 163.

During specific implementation, in an embodiment, the processor 161 mayinclude one or more CPUs, for example, a CPU 0 and a CPU 1 in FIG. 16.

During specific implementation, in an embodiment, the apparatus 1600 mayinclude a plurality of processors, for example, the processor 161 and aprocessor 168 in FIG. 16. Each of these processors may be a single-CPU(single-CPU) processor, or may be a multi-CPU (multi-CPU) processor. Theprocessor herein may be one or more devices, circuits, and/or processingcores that are used to process data (for example, a computer programinstruction).

For example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 16 may be a component of theOLT, and one or more software modules are stored in the memory of theapparatus shown in FIG. 16. The apparatus shown in FIG. 16 may executeprogram code in the memory by using the processor, to implement themessage transmission method in a PON system, performed by the OLT, inthe embodiments of this application.

For example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 16 may be a component of theONU, and one or more software modules are stored in the memory of theapparatus shown in FIG. 16. The apparatus shown in FIG. 16 may executeprogram code in the memory by using the processor, to implement themessage transmission method in a PON system, performed by the ONU, inthe embodiments of this application.

The apparatus may be divided into function modules according to theforegoing examples in the embodiments of this application. For example,function modules corresponding to the functions may be obtained throughdivision, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processingmodule. The integrated module may be implemented in a form of hardware,or may be implemented in a form of a software function module. It shouldbe noted that the division of the modules in the embodiments of thisapplication is an example, and is merely logical function division, andthere may be another division manner during actual implementation.

For example, when the function modules corresponding to the functionsare obtained through division, FIG. 17 is a possible schematicstructural diagram of the apparatus in the foregoing embodiment. Theapparatus 1700 includes a processing unit 1701 and a transceiver unit1702. The transceiver unit 1702 is configured to send and receivesignals by the processing unit 1701. The apparatus may be the OLT or theONU in the foregoing embodiment.

In an embodiment, the apparatus 1700 may be the OLT or may be a chip ora system on chip in the OLT. The apparatus 1700 may be configured toperform actions of the OLT in the foregoing method embodiment. Detailsare as follows:

The transceiver unit 1702 is configured to send first message to an ONU,where the first message includes at least one piece of indicationmessage, and one piece of indication message indicates a first powerrange and a first time range associated with the first power range; andthe processing unit 1701 is configured to instruct the transceiver unitto receive, in the first time range, a registration message sent by theONU, where a downstream receive power of the ONU falls within the firstpower range.

The apparatus 1700 sends one or more pairs of mutually associated timeranges and power ranges to the unregistered ONU. Different time rangescorrespond to different power ranges. Therefore, when the downstreamreceive power of the unregistered ONU falls within one of the powerranges, the ONU registers in a time range corresponding to the powerrange. Based on different power ranges, ONUs whose downstream receivepowers differ much may be classified into a plurality of ONU groups, andONUs whose downstream receive powers fall within a same power rangebelong to a same ONU group. Registration signals of ONUs in a same ONUgroup are similar or differ little in signal strength when reaching theOLT, so that the apparatus 1700 can quickly respond to the registrationsignals of the ONUs in the same ONU group, and an overall response timeof the apparatus 1700 for registration signals of ONUs in different ONUgroups can be shortened.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the first power range is further associated with afirst receive parameter. Remaining pieces of indication message in theat least one piece of indication message indicate second power ranges.Receive parameters associated with the first power range and the secondpower ranges are different, and receive parameters associated with anytwo of the second power ranges are different. The processing unit 1701is configured to instruct the transceiver unit to receive theregistration message in the first time range by using the first receiveparameter. Receive parameters are associated with power ranges, so thatthe apparatus 1700 classifies ONUs into groups based on the powerranges, and receives registration signals of different ONU groups byusing different receive parameters. Through a dynamic adjustment to thereceive parameter, a sensitivity of an OLT receiver and an overloadpower of the OLT receiver can be balanced, thereby expanding a dynamicrange of a receive power of the receiver. For example, when a receivedsignal is relatively weak, to enhance the sensitivity of the entire OLTreceiver as much as possible, a bias current of an amplifier may be setto a relatively high level, to ensure that the amplifier provides asufficiently high gain. However, when a signal input to the amplifier isstrong, the amplifier does not need to provide a high gain, and the biascurrent of the amplifier may be reduced, so that a power of a signaloutput from the amplifier to a photodetector is not excessively large,thereby preventing overload of the receiver.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit 1702 is specificallyconfigured to send an MPCP frame to the unregistered ONU, where the MPCPframe includes a Discovery GATE message field, and the Discovery GATEmessage field includes the indication message.

An indication field of a power range is added in the Discovery GATEmessage field of the MPCP frame to indicate the power range. Comparedwith an existing EPON system, the MPCP frame is modified less, whichfacilitates standard maintenance. More importantly, by modifying amessage structure of the MPCP frame, different grant timeslots can beconfigured for registration for ONUs whose link insertion lossdifferences are different. Then a registration signal received by theapparatus 1700 in any grant timeslot is sent by an ONU whose insertionloss difference is small, which facilitates a decrease in a responsetime of the apparatus 1700 for the registration signal.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit 1702 is specificallyconfigured to send a GTC frame to the unregistered ONU, where the GTCframe includes a BWmap message field, and the BWmap message fieldincludes the indication message.

An indication field of a power range is added in the BWmap message fieldof the GTC frame to indicate the power range. Compared with an existingGPON system, a message structure of the GTC frame is modified less,which facilitates standard maintenance. More importantly, by modifyingthe message structure of the GTC frame, different grant timeslots can beconfigured for registration for ONUs whose link insertion lossdifferences are different. Then a registration signal received by theapparatus 1700 in any grant timeslot is sent by an ONU whose insertionloss difference is small, which facilitates a decrease in a responsetime of the apparatus 1700 for the registration signal.

In a possible design, the processing unit 1701 is further configured toassign an ONU identifier to the unregistered ONU, and establish anassociation relationship between the receive parameter associated withthe first time range and the assigned ONU identifier.

The apparatus 1700 establishes and stores the association relationshipbetween the receive parameter and the assigned ONU identifier, to obtainan association relationship between a receive parameter and a secondtime range based on an association relationship between an ONUidentifier and the second time range and the association relationshipbetween the ONU identifier and the receive parameter when the apparatus1700 receives an upstream optical signal, so that the apparatus 1700receives, in the second time range based on the association relationshipbetween the receive parameter and the second time range, an upstreamoptical signal sent by a registered ONU, which facilitates a decrease inan overall response time of the apparatus 1700 for different upstreamoptical signals.

In a possible design, a receiver of the OLT includes an amplifier and aphotodetector, and the first receive parameter is at least one of a biascurrent of the amplifier, a bias voltage of the photodetector, and lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector.

When ONUs are classified into groups based on power ranges, theapparatus 1700 sets the receive parameter to the bias current of theamplifier, the bias voltage of the photodetector, or the lightattenuation between the amplifier and the photodetector. Compared withthe prior art, no additional device is added, which facilitatesexpansion of the dynamic range of the receive power of the OLT receiverat low costs.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1. Another implementation of sending the first message is provided,where an association relationship between a plurality of power rangesand a plurality of time ranges may be sent by using the first message.Compared with separate indications in a plurality of times, timeoverheads of a registration notification can be reduced.

In a possible design, the processing unit 1701 is further configured toinstruct the transceiver unit 1702 to send second message to aregistered ONU, where the second message includes at least one piece ofindication message, and one piece of indication message in the secondmessage indicates an ONU identifier, and a second time range associatedwith the ONU identifier; and the processing unit 1701 is furtherconfigured to instruct the transceiver unit 1702 to receive, in thesecond time range by using a receive parameter associated with thesecond time range, an upstream optical signal sent by the registeredONU, where the upstream optical signal includes message indicating anONU identifier of the registered ONU, the second time range isassociated with the ONU identifier indicated in the upstream opticalsignal, and the receive parameter associated with the second time rangeis specifically the receive parameter associated with the ONUidentifier.

Compared with the prior art, the apparatus 1700 may receive, in thesecond time range based on the association relationship between thereceive parameter and the second time range, the upstream optical signalsent by the registered ONU, which facilitates a decrease in an overallresponse time of the apparatus 1700 for different upstream opticalsignals.

In a possible design, when at least two of ONU identifiers indicated inthe second message are associated with a same receive parameter, secondtime ranges associated with the at least two ONU identifiers areadjacent.

The apparatus 1700 may concentrate, in one time period, time for sendingupstream optical signals by ONUs in a same ONU group. The apparatus 1700receives, in this time period based on a same receive parameter, theupstream optical signals sent by the ONUs in the same ONU group, whichfacilitates a decrease in a response time of the apparatus 1700 for theupstream optical signals sent by the ONUs in the same ONU group.

In a possible design, the processing unit 1701 is further configured to:after the transceiver unit 1702 receives the upstream optical signalsent by the registered ONU, determine an optical power of the receivedupstream optical signal, and determine the power range within which theoptical power of the upstream optical signal falls; and when a receiveparameter associated with the determined power range does not match thereceive parameter associated with the ONU identifier indicated in theupstream optical signal, change the receive parameter associated withthe ONU identifier to the receive parameter associated with thedetermined power range.

In a special case, when a power at which the upstream optical signalsent by the ONU actually reaches the OLT does not match the power rangecorresponding to the ONU identifier, the foregoing method may be used toupdate, based on the power at which the upstream optical signal sent bythe ONU actually reaches the OLT, the power range and the receiveparameter that correspond to the ONU identifier, thereby avoidingproblems such as power overload of the OLT receiver.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

When the indication message includes the power range message or theidentification message associated with the power range, a specificmeaning of the indication message is allowing an ONU that meets arelated power condition to register, for example, allowing the ONU whosedownstream receive power falls within the power range corresponding tothe power range message to register, or allowing the ONU whosedownstream receive power falls within the power range corresponding tothe identification message to register, ensuring that the ONU canidentify a physical meaning of the identification message associatedwith the power range.

In another embodiment, the apparatus 1700 may be the ONU or may be achip or a system on chip in the ONU. The apparatus 1700 may beconfigured to perform actions of the ONU in the foregoing methodembodiment. Details are as follows:

The transceiver unit 1702 is configured to receive first message sent byan OLT, where the first message includes at least one piece ofindication message, and one piece of indication message indicates afirst power range and a first time range associated with the first powerrange; and the processing unit 1701 is configured to send a registrationmessage to the OLT in the first time range based on the first messageafter determining that the ONU is unregistered and a downstream receivepower falls within the first power range indicated in the indicationmessage.

The OLT sends one or more pairs of mutually associated time ranges andpower ranges to the unregistered ONU. Different time ranges correspondto different power ranges. Therefore, when the downstream receive powerof the unregistered ONU falls within one of the power ranges, the ONUregisters in a time range corresponding to the power range. Based ondifferent power ranges, ONUs whose downstream receive powers differ muchmay be classified into a plurality of ONU groups, and ONUs whosedownstream receive powers fall within a same power range belong to asame ONU group. Registration signals of ONUs in a same ONU group aresimilar or differ little in signal strength when reaching the OLT, sothat the OLT can quickly respond to the registration signals of the ONUsin the same ONU group, and an overall response time of the OLT forregistration signals of ONUs in different ONU groups can be shortened.

In a possible design, the indication message includes power rangemessage or includes identification message associated with the powerrange.

In a possible design, the indication message is specifically used toindicate an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register, or isspecifically used to indicate an ONU whose downstream receive powerfalls within a power range corresponding to the identification messageto register.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit 1702 is configured to receivean MPCP frame sent by the OLT, where the MPCP frame includes a DiscoveryGATE message field, and the Discovery GATE message field includes theindication message.

In a possible design, the transceiver unit 1702 is configured to receivea GTC frame sent by the OLT, where the GTC frame includes a BWmapmessage field, and the BWmap message field includes the indicationmessage.

In a possible design, the processing unit 1701 is configured to skipsending the registration message to the OLT when determining that thedownstream receive power does not match any power range indicated in thefirst message. The ONU does not register when the ONU does not meet apower condition indicated by the OLT, thereby ensuring that ONU groupsobtained through classification based on a registration process areaccurate.

In a possible design, the first message includes N pieces of indicationmessage, power ranges indicated in any two of the N pieces of indicationmessage are different, first time ranges indicated in any two of the Npieces of indication message are different, and N is an integer greaterthan 1.

In an embodiment, the apparatus is presented in a form of obtaining,through division, the function modules corresponding to the functions,or the apparatus is presented in a form of obtaining the functionmodules through division in an integrated manner. The “module” hereinmay be an application-specific integrated circuit (application-specificintegrated circuit. ASIC), a circuit, a processor and a memory thatexecute one or more software or firmware programs, an integrated logiccircuit, and/or another device capable of providing the foregoingfunctions.

In a simple embodiment, a person skilled in the art may figure that theprocessing unit 1701 of the apparatus 1700 may be implemented by aprocessor, and the transceiver unit 1702 may be implemented by atransceiver. Specifically, the method performed by the processing unit1701 may be performed by the processor by invoking application programcode stored in a memory. No limitation is imposed thereto in thisembodiment of this application.

An embodiment of this application further provides a communicationsapparatus. The communications apparatus includes a processor and amemory. The memory stores a computer program. When the processor readsand executes the computer program stored in the memory, thecommunications apparatus implements the method performed by an OLT inthe procedures shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8.

An embodiment of this application further provides a chip. The chip isconnected to a memory, the memory stores a computer program, and thechip is configured to read and execute the computer program stored inthe memory, to implement the method performed by an OLT in theprocedures shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer storagemedium storing program code. The stored program code is executed by aprocessor to implement the method performed by an OLT in the proceduresshown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in this application.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer programproduct. The computer program product includes a computer softwareinstruction. The computer software instruction may be loaded by aprocessor to implement the method performed by an OLT in the proceduresshown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in this application.

An embodiment of this application further provides a communicationsapparatus. The communications apparatus includes a processor and amemory. The memory stores a computer program. When the processor readsand executes the computer program stored in the memory, thecommunications apparatus implements the method performed by an ONU inthe procedures shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8.

An embodiment of this application further provides a chip. The chip isconnected to a memory, the memory stores a computer program, and thechip is configured to read and execute the computer program stored inthe memory, to implement the method performed by an ONU in theprocedures shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer storagemedium storing program code. The stored program code is executed by aprocessor to implement the method performed by an ONU in the proceduresshown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in this application.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer programproduct. The computer program product includes a computer softwareinstruction. The computer software instruction may be loaded by aprocessor to implement the method performed by an ONU in the proceduresshown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in this application.

Specific implementations of the foregoing apparatus embodimentscorrespond to the method embodiments. For the specific implementationsand beneficial effects, refer to related descriptions in the methodembodiments.

Based on a same inventive concept, an embodiment of this applicationfurther provides a circuit system. FIG. 18 is a schematic structuraldiagram of a circuit system according to an implementation of thisapplication

As shown in FIG. 18, the circuit system 1800 may be implemented by usinga bus 1801 as a general bus architecture. Based on a specificapplication and an overall design constraint of the circuit system 1800,the bus 1801 may include any quantity of interconnect buses and bridges.The bus 1801 connects various circuits together. These circuits includea processor 1802, a storage medium 1803, and a bus interface 1804.Optionally, the circuit system 1800 connects a network adapter 1805 andthe like via the bus 1801 by using the bus interface 1804. The networkadapter 1805 may be configured to implement a signal processing functionof a physical layer in a wireless communications network, and send andreceive radio frequency signals by using an antenna 1807. A userinterface 1806 may be connected to a user terminal, such as a keyboard,a display, a mouse, or a joystick. The bus 1801 may be further connectedto various other circuits, such as a timing source, a peripheral, avoltage regulator, or a power management circuit. These circuits arewell known in the art, and therefore are not described in detail.

Alternatively, the circuit system 1800 may be configured as a chip or asystem on chip. The chip or the system on chip includes: one or moremicroprocessors that provide a processor function, and an externalmemory that provides at least a part of the storage medium 1803, whichare all connected to another support circuit together by using anexternal bus architecture.

Alternatively, the circuit system 1800 may be implemented by using thefollowing: an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) having theprocessor 1802, the bus interface 1804, and the user interface 1806; andat least a part of the storage medium 1803 integrated in a single chip.Alternatively, the circuit system 1800 may be implemented by using thefollowing: one or more FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), a PLD(programmable logic device), a controller, a state machine, a logicgate, a discrete hardware component, any other proper circuit, or anycombination of circuits capable of performing various functionsdescribed throughout the present invention.

The processor 1802 is responsible for managing the bus and performinggeneral processing (including executing software stored in the storagemedium 1803). The processor 1802 may be implemented by using one or moregeneral-purpose processors and/or dedicated processors. For example, aprocessor includes a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a DSP processor,or another circuit that can execute software. Software should beinterpreted broadly to indicate an instruction, data, or any combinationthereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware,middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

In FIG. 18, it is shown that the storage medium 1803 is separate fromthe processor 1802. However, a person skilled in the art may easilyunderstand that the storage medium 1803 or any part of the storagemedium 1803 may be located outside the circuit system 1800. For example,the storage medium 1803 may include a transmission line, a carrierwaveform modulated with data, and/or a computer product separate from awireless node. These media all can be accessed by the processor 1802 byusing the bus interface 1804. Alternatively, the storage medium 1803 orany part of the storage medium 1803 may be integrated into the processor1802, for example, may be a cache and/or a general-purpose register.

The processor 1802 may perform the message transmission method in a PONsystem in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application, anddetails are not described herein again.

For example, FIG. 19 is another schematic structural diagram of acircuit system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thecircuit system may be a processor. The processor may be embodied as achip or a system on chip (system on chip, SOC), and is disposed in a PONsystem, so that an OLT or an ONU implements the message transmissionmethod in a PON system in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 19, the circuit system 190 includes an interface unit1901, a control and operation unit 1902, and a storage unit 1903. Theinterface unit 1901 is configured to communicate with another componentof the OLT or the ONU. The storage unit 1903 is configured to storecomputer programs or instructions. The control and operation unit 1902is configured to decode and execute these computer programs orinstructions. It should be understood that these computer programs orinstructions may include function programs of the foregoing OLT, and mayalso include function programs of the foregoing ONU. When the functionprograms of the OLT are decoded and executed by the control andoperation unit 1902, the method performed by the OLT in the proceduresshown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in the embodiments ofthis application may be implemented. When the function programs of theONU are decoded and executed by the control and operation unit 1902, themethod performed by the ONU in the procedures shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7aand FIG. 7b , and FIG. 8 in the embodiments of this application may beimplemented.

In a possible design, these function programs of the OLT or functionprograms of the ONU are stored in a memory external to the circuitsystem 190. When the function programs of the OLT or the functionprograms of the ONU are decoded and executed by the control andoperation unit 1902, the storage unit 1903 temporarily stores some orall content of the function programs of the OLT or temporarily storessome or all content of the function programs of the ONU.

In another optional implementation, these function programs of the OLTor function programs of the ONU are set to be stored in the storage unit1903 in the circuit system 190. When the function programs of the OLTare stored in the storage unit 1903 in the circuit system 190, thecircuit system 190 may be disposed in the OLT of the PON system in theembodiments of the present invention. When the function programs of theONU are stored in the storage unit 1903 in the circuit system 190, thecircuit system 190 may be disposed in the ONU of the PON system in theembodiments of the present invention.

In still another optional implementation, partial content of thesefunction programs of the OLT or function programs of the ONU is storedin the memory external to the circuit system 190, and remaining contentof these function programs of the OLT or function programs of the ONU isstored in the storage unit 1903 in the circuit system 190.

All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by usingsoftware, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When softwareis used to implement the embodiments, all or some of the embodiments maybe implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computerprogram product includes one or more computer instructions. When thecomputer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, theprocedure or functions according to the embodiments of the presentinvention are all or partially generated. The computer may be ageneral-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, oranother programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be storedin a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from acomputer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storagemedium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from awebsite, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer,server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, anoptical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (forexample, infrared, radio, or microwave) manner. The computer-readablestorage medium may be any usable medium accessible by a computer, or adata storage device, such as a server or a data center, integrating oneor more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (forexample, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an opticalmedium (for example, a DVD), a semiconductor medium (for example, asolid state disk Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.

It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art thatdescription of the embodiments provided in the present invention may becross-referenced. For convenient and brief description, for thefunctions of the apparatuses and the devices and the performed stepsprovided in the embodiments of the present invention, refer to relateddescriptions of the method embodiments of the present invention. Detailsare not described herein again.

Although this application is described with reference to theembodiments, in a process of implementing this application that claimsprotection, a person skilled in the art may understand and implementanother variation of the disclosed embodiments by viewing theaccompanying drawings, disclosed content, and the accompanying claims.In the claims, “comprising” (comprising) does not exclude anothercomponent or step, and “a/an” or “one” does not exclude “a pluralityof”. A single processor or another unit may implement several functionsenumerated in the claims. Some measures are recorded in dependent claimsthat are different from each other, but this does not mean that thesemeasures cannot be combined to produce a better effect.

A person skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments ofthis application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (device), ora computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a formof hardware only embodiments, software only embodiments, or embodimentswith a combination of software and hardware. They are collectivelyreferred to as “modules” or “systems”. In addition, this application mayuse a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one ormore computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a diskmemory, a CD-ROM, an optical memory, and the like) that include computerusable program code. The computer program is stored/distributed in aproper medium and is provided as or used as a part of the hardwaretogether with other hardware, or may also use another distribution form,for example, by using the Internet or another wired or wirelesstelecommunications system.

A person skilled in the art may further understand that variousillustrative logical blocks (illustrative logical block) and steps(step) that are listed in the embodiments of this application may beimplemented by using electronic hardware, computer software, or acombination thereof. In order to clearly display the interchangeability(interchangeability) between the hardware and the software, functions ofthe foregoing various illustrative components (illustrative components)and steps have been generally described. Whether the functions areimplemented by using hardware or software depends on particularapplications and a design requirement of the entire system. A personskilled in the art may use various methods to implement the describedfunctions for each particular application, but it should not beconsidered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope ofthe embodiments of the present invention.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin the embodiments of this application may implement or operate thedescribed functions by using a general-purpose processing unit, adigital signal processing unit, an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or anotherprogrammable logical apparatus, a discrete gate or transistor logic, adiscrete hardware component, or a design of any combination thereof. Thegeneral-purpose processing unit may be a microprocessing unit.Optionally, the general-purpose processing unit may be any conventionalprocessing unit, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Theprocessing unit may be implemented by a combination of computingapparatuses, such as a digital signal processing unit and amicroprocessing unit, a plurality of microprocessing units, one or moremicroprocessing units with a digital signal processing unit core, or anyother similar configuration.

In one or more examples of designs, the functions described in theembodiments of the present invention may be implemented by usinghardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If the presentinvention is implemented by software, these functions may be stored in acomputer-readable medium or are transmitted to the computer-readablemedium in a form of one or more instructions or code. Thecomputer-readable medium is either a computer storage medium or acommunications medium that enables a computer program to move from oneplace to another. The storage medium may be an available medium that maybe accessed by any general or special computer. For example, such acomputer-readable medium may include but is not limited to a RAM, a ROM,an EEPROM, a CD-ROM, or another optical disc storage, a disk storage oranother magnetic storage apparatus, or any other medium that may beconfigured to carry or store program code, where the program code is ina form of an instruction or a data structure or in a form that can beread by a general or special computer or a general or special processingunit. In addition, any connection may be appropriately defined as acomputer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from awebsite, a server, or another remote resource by using a coaxial cable,an optical fiber computer, a twisted pair, a digital subscriber line(DSL) or in a wireless manner, such as infrared, radio, or microwave,the software is included in a defined computer-readable medium. The disc(disc) and the disk (disk) include a compressed disk, a laser disk, anoptical disc, a DVD, a floppy disk, and a Blu-ray disc. The diskgenerally copies data by a magnetic means, and the disc generally copiesdata optically by a laser means. The foregoing combination may also beincluded in the computer-readable medium.

Based on the foregoing description of the specification in the presentinvention, technologies in the art may use or implement the content ofthe present invention. Any modification based on the disclosed contentshall be considered obvious in the art. The basic principles describedin the present invention may be applied to other variations withoutdeparting from the essence and scope of the present invention.Therefore, the content disclosed in the present invention is not limitedto the described embodiments and designs but may also be extended to amaximum scope that is consistent with the principles and disclosed newfeatures of the present invention.

1. A message transmission method, comprising: sending, by an opticalline terminal (OLT), a first message to an optical network unit (ONU),wherein the first message comprises at least one piece of indicationmessage, and wherein one piece of indication message of the at least onepiece of indication message indicates a first power range and a firsttime range to indicate the ONU whose downlink receive power falls withinthe first power range to send a registration message in the first timerange; and receiving, by the OLT, the registration message.
 2. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the one piece of indication messagecomprises a power range message or an identification message associatedwith the power range message.
 3. The method according to claim 1,wherein the one piece of indication message indicates a start time and atimeslot length.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein sending, bythe OLT, the first message to the ONU comprises: sending, by the OLT, amulti-point control protocol (MPCP) frame to the ONU.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the first message further comprises afirst bit indicating whether the OLT supports 10 Gb/s reception; andwherein the first message further comprises a second bit indicatingwhether the OLT supports 25 Gb/s reception.
 6. The method according toclaim 2, wherein the one piece of indication message indicates an ONUwhose downstream receive power falls within a power range correspondingto the power range message to register in the first time range, or anONU whose downstream receive power falls within a power rangecorresponding to the identification message to register in the firsttime range.
 7. A message transmission method, comprising: receiving, byan unregistered optical network unit (ONU), a first message sent by anoptical line terminal (OLT), wherein the first message comprises atleast one piece of indication message, and wherein one piece ofindication message of the at least one niece of indication messageindicates a first power range and a first time range; and sending, bythe ONU, a registration message to the OLT in the first time rangeindicated in the one niece of indication message, wherein a downstreamreceive power of the ONU falls within the first power range indicated inthe one piece of indication message.
 8. The method according to claim 7,wherein the one piece of indication message comprises 1 power rangemessage or an identification message associated with the power rangemessage.
 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the one piece ofindication message indicates a start time and a timeslot length.
 10. Themethod according to claim 8, wherein the one piece of indication messageindicates an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register in the firsttime range, or an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within apower range corresponding to the identification message to register inthe first time range.
 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein thereceiving, by an ONU, first message sent by an OLT comprises: receiving,by the ONU, a multi-point control protocol (MPCP) frame sent by the OLT.12. The method according to claim 7, wherein receiving, by the ONU, thefirst message sent by the OLT comprises: receiving, by the ONU, a GTCframe sent by the OLT.
 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein thefirst message further comprises a first bit indicating whether the OLTsupports 10 Gb/s reception; and wherein the first message furthercomprises a second bit indicating whether the OLT supports 25 Gb/sreception.
 14. An optical line terminal (OLT, comprising: a transceiver,the transceiver configured to send a first message to an optical networkunit (ONU), wherein the first message comprises at least one piece ofindication message, and wherein one piece of indication message of theat least one niece of indication message indicates a first power rangeand a first time range to indicate the ONU whose downlink receive powerfalls within the first power range to send a registration message in thefirst time range; and at least one processor, the at least one processorconfigured to instruct the transceiver to receive the registrationmessage.
 15. The OLT according to claim 14, wherein the one piece ofindication message comprises a power range message or an identificationmessage associated with the power range message.
 16. The OLT accordingto claim 14, wherein the one piece of indication message indicates astart time and a timeslot length.
 17. The OLT according to claim 15,wherein the one piece of indication message indicates an ONU whosedownstream receive power falls within a power range corresponding to thepower range message to register in the first time range, or an ONU whosedownstream receive power falls within a power range corresponding to theidentification message to register in the first time range.
 18. Anoptical network unit (ONU), comprising: a transceiver, the transceiverconfigured to receive a first message sent by an optical line terminal(OLT), wherein the first message comprises at least one piece ofindication message, and wherein one piece of indication message of theat least one piece of indication message indicates a first power rangeand a first time range; and at least one processor, the at least oneprocessor configured to determine whether a downstream receive power ofthe ONU falls within the first power range indicated in the one piece ofindication message; wherein the transceiver is further configured tosend a registration message to the OLT in the first time range indicatedin the one piece of indication message, wherein a downstream receivepower of the ONU falls within the first power range indicated in the onepiece of indication message.
 19. The ONU according to claim 18, whereinthe one piece of indication message comprises a power range message oran identification message associated with the power range message. 20.The ONU according to claim 18, wherein the one piece of indicationmessage indicates a start time and a timeslot length.
 21. The ONUaccording to claim 19, wherein the one piece of indication messageindicates an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within a powerrange corresponding to the power range message to register in the firsttime range, or an ONU whose downstream receive power falls within apower range corresponding to the identification message to register inthe first time range.
 22. A message structure, comprising: at least onepiece of indication message, wherein one piece of indication message ofthe at least one piece of indication message indicates a first powerrange and a first time range to indicate an optical network unit (ONU)whose downlink receive power falls within the first power range to senda registration message in the first time range.
 23. The messagestructure according to claim 22, wherein the message structure is anMPCP frame or a GTC frame.